發展友善環境的有機水產養殖

The Development of Ecological and Organic Aquaculture

有機水產養殖或生態養殖的原則是鼓勵低能量投入於養殖系統及保育其生產環境，也盡可能支持在地消費。有機水產養殖漸獲得重視乃因相對於傳統的集約式養殖，其生產方式是更為友善生產環境。然而，目前多數的有機水產養殖標準是由西方的認驗證機構所建立，主要是以滿足溫帶物種的需求和條件，所以可能不適宜直接套用這些標準於近熱帶或亞熱帶的台灣水產養殖業，因兩者先天的經營方式和養殖物種皆不同。本文先簡介全球有機水產養殖的起源和歷史，然後分析在目前的情況下，台灣養殖戶轉移到有機水產養殖發展的潛力和限制因素。如果台灣能將養殖業部分成功地轉型到有機水產養殖，它可提供其他熱帶國家一個好典範。然而，這個成功的前提是須先釐清文中列舉現行全球有機水產養殖標準中一些懸而未決的議題。 The principles of organic aquaculture or ecological aquaculture, which encourage low energy inputs and environmental protection, also supports domestic consumption wherever possible. Organic aquaculture production is gaining recognition as a relatively friendly production system compared with the conventional intensive aquaculture production. However, the current organic aquaculture standards were established by western certification organizations which was mainly oriented to meet the needs and conditions of temperate species. It may not be appropriate to apply all these standards directly to tropical/subtropical aquaculture in Taiwan, as the nature of operations and species involved are different. This paper introduces briefly the origin and history of organic aquaculture globally, then analyze the potential and constraints of developing organic aquaculture for Taiwanese fish farmers based on the current situations. If Taiwan successfully converts partially its aquaculture industry into organic, it could provide an example for the industry in other tropical countries. However, the unresolved standards issues must be sorted out before these developments can happen.