「御都合主義」的社會運動家？－－側議歷史際遇記憶中的陳逢源及其抉擇

An Opportunistic Social Activist?Discussion on Historical Experience & Memory of Chen FengYuan and His Decisions

先前已有不少論者透過陳逢源的漢詩創作及其政經專論來探討他長期所參與的文化啟蒙、抵殖運動、知識體系以及後續所延伸的國族認同等爭議。可是根據筆者的觀察，對於一位戰前戰後在熱切變革的「初衷」上大抵內在精神都是暗合一致的知識分子，論者們似乎仍無法較精確地釐清陳逢源為何戰後的形象（特別是在1957年之後）會被逐漸地形塑成截然不同的歷史面貌和出現如此反差的所謂「轉向／轉折」現象？1957年以後的陳逢源便脫離了政治圈，近乎不談政治，無論是反映到歷史與文學，或是後續效應放諸於陳逢源身上，都留下一個非常具代表性的政治文化現象，可惜大多論者忽略了期間陳逢源的精神層面是「如何」一步又一步地全面退卻，以致於結論都較流於表象的批判或善意的曲線維護，如此反而遮掩了我們對更大課題的理解。本文希望能以《公論報》新出土的陳逢源漢詩所提供的「新事證」（包括與李萬居的關係）重新審視陳逢源的歷史際遇與歷史記憶，從而研討他如何在「政治壓迫」的痛切感與「國族認同」的急切性之中不得不依違於當時的政體？強權暴力又是如何介入陳逢源的歷史書寫？最終試著以歷史脈絡的橫切面去修正及補充先行研究的「知其然，不知其所以然」的缺憾，藉此提供一個更具省視／醒世價值的背景。 Some scholars have explored Chen Feng-Yuan's cultural enlightenments, anti-colonialism movements, knowledge systems, and national identity through his Chinese poetry and monographs. However, the researcher argues that scholars seem unable to accurately clarify Chen Feng-Yuan's post-war image, an intellectual whose spirit coincided with his“original intention” of participating in reform before and after the anti-Japanese war. Particularly, after 1957, he was gradually shaped into a completely different historical image. This was a sharp contrast or the so-called“turnaround”, although after 1957, Chen Feng-Yuan stayed away from politics and almost stopped talking about politics. This was reflected in history and literature, and the follow-up effect on Chen Feng-Yuan, and left a highly representative political and cultural phenomenon. Pitifully, most scholars neglected how the spiritual world of Chen Feng-Yuan gradually withdrew which results in a superficial criticism of Chen or a kind intention to preserve Chen's reputation. However, these previous studies have obscured our understanding of the greater picture of research as regards Chen Feng-Yuan. This paper attempts to reexamine the historical experience and memory of Chen Feng-Yuan based on the “new evidence”(including the relationship with Li Wan-chu) of newly-unearthed Chen Feng-Yuan poem collection from Public Opinion Newspaper. On that basis, how Chen was forced to conform to the regime of his time, struggled with the sorrow of “political oppression” and the eagerness of national identity” and how the “totalitarianism”intervened in historical writings of Chen Feng-Yuan are discussed. Finally, from the analysis of timeline, the shortcoming of “knowing what it is but not knowing why it is” in the previous research is amended so as to provide a more insightful background that can enlighten the public.