中美特種技術合作所與戰後美國海軍援華──以撥贈剩餘船艦為中心的探討

The Sino-American Cooperative Organization and the United States Postwar Naval Assistance: Discussion on the Naval Vessel Aid

以戴笠為首的軍事委員會調查統計局，在1943年開始與梅樂斯上校為代表的美國海軍合作，成立中美特種技術合作所（The Sino-American Special Technical Cooperative Organization，或簡稱中美合作所）共同對抗日本。戰爭結束後中美合作所面臨轉型，在雙方都期望將抗戰時的合作關係延續下，這時中國重建海軍的戰艦需求，成為雙方戰後合作的契機。本文藉由檔案，爬梳戰後美國海軍援華法案通過前，中美特種技術合作所相關成員，如戴笠、梅樂斯等發起者，與戰後中美合作重建中國海軍的關係。中美合作所美方代表梅樂斯，眼看戰爭即將結束，因此於6月向中方提出合作建設海軍的提議，不過未受戴笠等人的重視。直至8月16日日本投降後，梅樂斯的參謀貝樂利上校開始催促此事，中方才開始動作，而戰後美國協助建設中國海軍的提議，便由中美合作所雙方私下推動開始，一路發展成美國海軍援華法案通過，最後兩國簽署協定，美國撥贈中國海軍131艘剩餘船艦。過程中，雖然先後是梅樂斯因病離職返美與戴笠空難辭世，但由於中美合作所的經驗與情感，中美合作所中方在美國的代表，中國駐美副武官蕭勃仍能繼續藉此推動美國贈艦。另一方面中美合作所美方人員，在關鍵時刻也成為美國海軍部檯面下的管道，如梅樂斯與麥茲爾等皆曾與蕭勃討論贈艦，並告知中方申請撥艦的時機，這些都突顯出中美合作所相關人員在此事中的關係與角色。 In 1943, Military Affair Commission Bureau of Investigation and Statistics (or called Juntong) started to cooperate with the United States Navy and co-founded the Sino-American Special Technical Cooperative Organization (or called SACO) to withstand Japan. After the V-J Day, the mission of SACO was over but both sides decided to maintain this relationship. In the meantime, the need of naval vessel to reconstruct Republic of China Navy gave them an opportunity to keep their relationship. This article tries to clarify the related personnel of SACO, like Dai Li, Milton E. Miles's influence on the reconstruction of Republic of China Navy before the United States Congress passed the Public Law 512 by using official documents. In June 1945, the United States representative of SACO Milton Miles desired the war come to an end. Therefore, he suggested a naval cooperative construction with China for postwar. Due to the uncertain situation, Dai Li and the others Chinese officials did not pay attention to it. After August 16, Captain Irwin Forest Beyerly began urging for an answer. China started to react, and generally made the proposal for the United States to help China rebuild navy become an agreement between China and the United States. Although during the process, the deputy director of SACO Milton Miles left and went back to America due to his illness. Then the director of SACO Dai Li passed away in a plane crash. The representative of China in SACO Xiao Bo and US Navy Captain Jeffrey Metzel still used this relationship as back channel to discuss and promote the naval vessel aid.