當代穆斯林的知性連結：印尼穆斯林對Ali Shariati與Hassan Hanafi著作、思想的回應

Telling a Story through Another Story: Indonesian Muslim Responses to the Works of Ali Shariati and Hassan Hanafi

本文主要探討1980到1990年代之間，印尼穆斯林知識份子對Ali Shariati與Hassan Hanafi兩者著作、思想理念的回應。Ali Sharati與Hassan Hanafi的許多著述在印尼已被翻譯，本文所討論的資料主要是印尼具聲望知識份子撰寫的文章，以及他們在印尼文翻譯本的導言與介紹。檢視這些文章，可得知Ali Shariati與Hassan Hanafi的理念如何在印尼被接受、分析、批判，以及印尼知識份子如何將兩者的理念引入印尼的社會情境中討論應用。作為知識份子的Shariati其被理想化，顯示印尼人對什葉伊斯蘭採更加宏寬的態度，而且Shariati其馬克思主義傾向的討論反映出印尼政治實質情況。同樣地，印尼知識份子對Hanaf之宗教、思想、國家發展、左翼伊斯蘭與「西方主義」各種觀點的詮釋與接納，也必然因印尼當地環境而有修正。更且，印尼知識份子對Ali Shariati和Hassan Hanafi其理論的回應，亦與其個人的伊斯蘭觀而有差異，即改革主義份子、傳統主義份子，或什葉派穆斯林之間立場的不同。 This paper discusses the responses of Indonesian Muslim intellectuals' from the 1980s through the 1990s, to the works of Ali Shariati and Hassan Hanafi. There are a number of Indonesian translations of Shariati's and Hanafi's works. The literatures discussed here are primarily the articles written by prominent Indonesian Muslim intellectuals, and most of the articles are introductions to the translated books of Shariati and Hanafi. A close analysis of the articles shows us the ways how Shariati's and Hanafi's ideas have been received, interpreted, criticized, and appropriated by Indonesian intellectuals in order to make them relevant to the Indonesian context. The idealization of Shariati as an intellectual, a more open attitude towards Shi'ism, and the discussion of his Marxist tendency cannot be separated from the demands of the Indonesian political situation. Likewise, Hanafi's ideas of the relation between religion, ideology and development, and the Islamic Left and Occidentalism would not attract Indonesian intellectuals if they were not relevant to the Indonesian situation. Moreover, Indonesian Muslim responses were also attached to their respective Islamic views, namely as a reformist, traditionalist or Shi‘ite.