沒有規則的規則：幼兒自由遊戲規則之形塑

Rules From No Rules: Regulating Rules From Young Children's Free Play

幼兒的自由遊戲本來是沒有規則，但是當兩位以上幼兒一起玩時，就會產生潛在的遵守原則，使遊戲得以依循某種脈絡持續在進行。此潛在的遵守原則即為本研究所欲探究之目的：幼兒在自由遊戲中，如何去建構遊戲中的規則。本研究採質性研究法進行探究，透過觀察幼兒在娃娃家和積木區的言談與行為，進行資料收集，並以開放編碼進行分析。研究發現幼兒在遊戲中會使用多種策略達成遊戲目的，經編碼分析有意見徵詢、直接命名、情境描述、直接命令、權力取得、拒絕和尋求外援等七項策略，爾後將之依執行強度和社會技巧進行分類，並依其程度的高低，進一步詮釋幼兒所使用的策略，在無形中形成同儕間社會階級之高低。 Originally, there is no rule at young children's free play. When two children play together, they have to follow certain hidden rules to continue their play. This study attempted to understand the hidden rules that young children regulated during free play. A qualitative method was employed to observe young children's conversation and behaviors in doll house center and manipulating center. From the open coding analysis of the collected data, the result found that young children used multiple strategies to regulate their rules to accomplish their play goal. Those strategies include opinion consulting, directly denominating (in-frame), directly denominating (out-frame), situation describing, direct command, power acquiring, refusal, and seeking help. Those strategies were hierarchically categorized into social skill and accomplishment. Young children's manipulation of strategies to regulate rules during free play reproduces social class in the classroom.