發展遲緩兒童母親的親職壓力與相關因子探討

Factors Related to Parenting Stress of the Mothers with Developmental Delayed Children

本研究旨在探討中部地區發展遲緩兒童母親的親職壓力狀況、母親與兒童背景因素對親職壓力的影響。共有53位母親參與研究，填答親職壓力量表（ParentingStress Index，簡稱PSI）、家長暨發展遲緩兒童基本資料表。結果發現高達41.5%的母親親職壓力過高，達需要臨床轉介的程度。發展遲緩兒童母親的年齡、婚姻狀況及子女數不同，親職壓力有顯著差異（p<0.05），但教育程度、就業狀況及家庭收入對親職壓力未達統計上的顯著差異。兒童領有身心障礙手冊、認知發展遲緩、社會人格發展遲緩及多重領域發展遲緩者，母親的親職壓力較大。建議遲緩兒童早期療育當以家庭為中心，提供照顧者所需的情緒支持和親職能力訓練，並為高壓力家庭轉介所需的社會支持及福利資源，以利患童的發展及降低親職壓力。 The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of child and mother variables onparenting stress experienced by mothers of young children with developmental delay inmiddle Taiwan. We had collected 53 questionnaires from mother with developmentaldelay children. Instruments used in this study were “Basic Information Inventory” and“Parenting Stress Index”. We found that 41.5% of mothers described clinicallysignificant parenting stress. Mother’s age, marriage status and number of children makesignificant difference in parenting stress, but educational level, employment status andfamily income make no significant difference in parenting stress of mother withdevelopmental delay children. Mothers were more stress when their children withdisabilities, cognitive delay, social personality delay and global developmental delay. Inorder to promote child development and decrease parenting stress, these finding suggestthat implementing Family-Centered Service, providing emotional support and parentingskill training program, establishing supportive network and providing social welfareresources for high risk family.