農業發展的迷思──循序策略與整合做法

Myth of Agricultural Development －A Sequential and Integrated Approach－

在論及確保經濟發展的技術及組織要素方面，我們應特別注意下述三點的臺灣經驗、臺灣人口成長率如同其他東南亞國家一樣地快速，然而臺灣卻仍配合技術及組織兩方面的需求。其次，臺灣小農制與中小企業頗為普遍，猶能達成有效利用進步的生產技術所需的組織要求。第三，臺灣經濟發展對其他開發中國家的啟示是保持農業部門與非農業部門的密切相互關係、何以過去四十年間世界經濟發展中成功範例少，失敗例子多？我多年來一直專注思考於這個頗具挑戰性的經濟發展迷思。茲試就三項常被忽視的環節用以說明臺灣過去四十多年經驗、在發展過程中三個常被忽視的環節：（1）「如何做」和「計畫落實」的問題。（2）循序策略並分階段發展的問題。（3）科際整合的做法或各種發展活動的整合問題。 With regard to both the technological and organizational components of development, three aspects of the ROC experience deserve special attention. 1) First the ROC has met the requirements of both components, even though its population growth is as rapid as those of other countries in Southeast Asia. 2) Second, the ROC has also met the organizational requirements of increasingly productive technologies within the framework of small farm sizes and medium and small-scale industries. 3) A third feature of the ROC record is the fact that economic development in the ROC has involved a close interrelationship between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. Taking into consideration the many failures and only limited successes in worldwide economic development during the past four decades, it appears that there must be some undiscovered secrets to the successes and some missing links in the failures. I have tried to identify three missing links, taking into account the ROC's experience. 1) The first missing link in the development process-the question of 'how.' 2) The second missing link in the development process-the question of sequencing and staged or phased approach. 3) the third missing link in the development process-the question of a) integration of different disciplines; b) integration of agricultural, industrial, and service sectors' development; c) integration of physical and social infrastructure; and d)integration of the role of government, the private sector role and the academician role.

With regard to both the technological and organizational components of development, three aspects of the ROC experience deserve special attention. 1) First the ROC has met the requirements of both components, even though its population growth is as rapid as those of other countries in Southeast Asia. 2) Second, the ROC has also met the organizational requirements of increasingly productive technologies within the framework of small farm sizes and medium and small-scale industries. 3) A third feature of the ROC record is the fact that economic development in the ROC has involved a close interrelationship between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. Taking into consideration the many failures and only limited successes in worldwide economic development during the past four decades, it appears that there must be some undiscovered secrets to the successes and some missing links in the failures. I have tried to identify three missing links, taking into account the ROC's experience. 1) The first missing link in the development process-the question of 'how.' 2) The second missing link in the development process-the question of sequencing and staged or phased approach. 3) the third missing link in the development process-the question of a) integration of different disciplines; b) integration of agricultural, industrial, and service sectors' development; c) integration of physical and social infrastructure; and d)integration of the role of government, the private sector role and the academician role.