界面活性劑種類及添加量對多元醇液化柳杉木材製造聚胺基甲酸酯（PU）發泡體之影響

Effects of the Kind and Dosage of Surfactants on Properties of Polyurethane (PU) Foams Made from Polyhydric Alcohol Liquefied Cryptomeria Japonnica Wood

本研究以聚乙二醇／丙三醇為混合溶劑，硫酸及鹽酸為催化劑，對柳杉木材（Cryptomeria japonnica D. Don；Japanese cedar）進行液化處理，所得液化柳杉進一步與異氰酸酯PMDI混合，並添加水為發泡劑，有機矽氧烷為界面活性劑，二月桂酸二丁錫為催化劑製造聚胺基甲酸酯發泡體，探討界面活性劑種類、添加量及PMDI與液化柳杉之NCO／（OH+COOH）莫耳比對所製造PU發泡體性質之影響。由結果得知，液化柳杉應用於PU發泡體製造時須添加界面活性劑以改善各成分間之相容性及反應性，其中以H2SO4為催化劑之液化柳杉以採用DC-193為界面活性劑之發泡性較佳，其發泡體高度方向之壓縮應力及溶出試驗之重量保留率較高；以HCl為催化劑之液化木材則採用DC-5188及DC-198為界面合性劑有較佳之效果。界面活性劑添加量之效應則依PU樹脂採用之NCO／（OH+COOH）莫耳比不同而異，莫耳比1.2者之壓縮應力隨界面活性劑添加量增加而降低，莫耳比1.5及1.8則適當增加界面活性劑有助於各成分間之親合性，隨界面活性劑添加量增加，其壓縮應力提高。 Cryptomeria japonnica (Japanese cedar) was liquefied in polyethylene glycol/glycerol co-solvent with H2SO4 and HCl as a catalyst. The liquefied Japanese cedar was blended with PMDI (poly-4, 4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate), and adding water as a blowing agent, organosiloxane as a surfactant and dibutyl tin dilaurate as a catalyst to prepare the polyurethane (PU) foams. The effects of the kind and dosage of surfactant and the molar ratio of NCO/(COOH+OH) for PMDI to liquefied Japanese cedar on the properties of PU foams were investigated. The results showed that surfactant should be added to improve the compatibility and reactivity as liquefied Japanese cedar was used in the manufacturing of PU foams. For liquefied Japanese cedar that liquefied with H2SO4 as catalyst, using DC-193 as the surfactant had the better foaming effect. The PU foams had higher compression stress and higher weight retention after dissolve testing. But using DC-5188 and DC-198 as the surfactant would be better for liquefied Japanese cedar that with HCl as catalyst. The effect of the dosage of surfactant was depended on molar ratio of NCO/(COOH+OH) used for PU resins. For the PU foams made with the molar ratio of NCO/(COOH+OH) of 1.2, increasing the dosage of surfactant would decrease their compression stress. But for the molar ratio of 1.5 and 1.8, appropriately increasing the dosage of surfactant could improve the affinity for each component in the PU resins. The compression stress would be raise as the dosage of surfactant was increased.

Cryptomeria japonnica (Japanese cedar) was liquefied in polyethylene glycol/glycerol co-solvent with H2SO4 and HCl as a catalyst. The liquefied Japanese cedar was blended with PMDI (poly-4, 4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate), and adding water as a blowing agent, organosiloxane as a surfactant and dibutyl tin dilaurate as a catalyst to prepare the polyurethane (PU) foams. The effects of the kind and dosage of surfactant and the molar ratio of NCO/(COOH+OH) for PMDI to liquefied Japanese cedar on the properties of PU foams were investigated. The results showed that surfactant should be added to improve the compatibility and reactivity as liquefied Japanese cedar was used in the manufacturing of PU foams. For liquefied Japanese cedar that liquefied with H2SO4 as catalyst, using DC-193 as the surfactant had the better foaming effect. The PU foams had higher compression stress and higher weight retention after dissolve testing. But using DC-5188 and DC-198 as the surfactant would be better for liquefied Japanese cedar that with HCl as catalyst. The effect of the dosage of surfactant was depended on molar ratio of NCO/(COOH+OH) used for PU resins. For the PU foams made with the molar ratio of NCO/(COOH+OH) of 1.2, increasing the dosage of surfactant would decrease their compression stress. But for the molar ratio of 1.5 and 1.8, appropriately increasing the dosage of surfactant could improve the affinity for each component in the PU resins. The compression stress would be raise as the dosage of surfactant was increased.