關刀溪森林生態系牛奶榕物候及性別分化之表現

Phenology and Sexual Differentiation of Ficus erecta var. beecheyana at Guandaushi Forest Station, Taiwan

本研究為探討關刀溪森林生態系雌雄異株牛奶榕之物候適應性表現。牛奶榕每月雌榕果生產與氣候因子中的氣溫、降水、淨輻射等呈顯著相關；雄榕果則與氣候因子無顯著相關。雌、雄株的展葉、落葉時期相近，葉子之發育程度與雌、雄榕果主要花季的養分蓄積方式呈現性別分化。牛奶榕的榕果生產主要集中在春季至秋季，雄族群株間的榕果生產較集中於春季，雌族群株間的花季集中於夏、秋兩季。在單株個體內，雌株株內花期於夏、秋兩季明顯不同步，與氣溫呈顯著相關，而與降水相關不顯著；雄株株內花期不同步的波動與氣候因子相關不顯著。關刀溪森林生態系的牛奶榕物候呈現明顯的性別分化，分別適應其生育地的環境變化，有利於牛奶榕與牛奶榕小蜂的共生──授粉生態關係的維持。 The phenology of dioecious fig, Ficus erecta var. beecheyana was investigated in this study. Monthly female syconium productions were responding with temperature, rainfall, and net solar radiation significantly, while males were not significantly with the climate. The period of leaf phenology and initiation were similar between male and female trees, and leaf developmental stages were fit with main crop productions of both genders, alternatively. The syconium productions between trees of F. erecta var. beecheyana were concentrated during spring to fall, and express seasonally between sexual populations. All female trees produced syconia during summer and fall, while the most reproductive asynchrony was occurred within-tree. Otherwise, male trees born the syconia concentrated during spring and fall, while were tended to have a relatively high asynchronous within individual. Within-tree reproductive asynchronies were correlated with temperature more significant in females than males, but less connective with the rainfall for both gender populations. The phenology of Ficus erecta var. beecheyana would show the sexual seasonally and connected with the climatic fluctuation of Guandaushi Forest Station, which would benefit with the maintenance of relationship of mutualism between fig and fig wasp.

The phenology of dioecious fig, Ficus erecta var. beecheyana was investigated in this study. Monthly female syconium productions were responding with temperature, rainfall, and net solar radiation significantly, while males were not significantly with the climate. The period of leaf phenology and initiation were similar between male and female trees, and leaf developmental stages were fit with main crop productions of both genders, alternatively. The syconium productions between trees of F. erecta var. beecheyana were concentrated during spring to fall, and express seasonally between sexual populations. All female trees produced syconia during summer and fall, while the most reproductive asynchrony was occurred within-tree. Otherwise, male trees born the syconia concentrated during spring and fall, while were tended to have a relatively high asynchronous within individual. Within-tree reproductive asynchronies were correlated with temperature more significant in females than males, but less connective with the rainfall for both gender populations. The phenology of Ficus erecta var. beecheyana would show the sexual seasonally and connected with the climatic fluctuation of Guandaushi Forest Station, which would benefit with the maintenance of relationship of mutualism between fig and fig wasp.