台灣產海茄苳開花物候與授粉生態之研究

The Study on Blooming Climate and Pollination Ecology of Taiwan Avicennia

海茄苳具有早熟的種子與早熟的幼苗，果實內胚軸發育3 週後即可發芽生長，但是種子則於6~7 週後才自然掉落，所以稱之為「隱藏性胎生」。幼苗發育8~9 個月即可開花，抽芽展葉全年都在進行，北台灣冬季較寒冷，抽芽展葉較少，南台灣於早春大量抽芽展葉。開花期於南台灣（北緯23°27' 44.2' ~22°27' 39.5'）幾乎同步於5 月中旬至7月中旬，果實成熟期於8 月至9月，果落期為8 月至9 月中旬；北台灣（北緯24°54' 45.7'~24°54' 33.0'）則約晚2 週，北台灣之開花結實率遠低於南台灣。海茄苳的花具有香味及花蜜，屬於蟲媒花，授粉過程都在白天進行，且以清晨最多，授粉昆蟲包括：棋紋虎天牛、紅螢、蜜蜂、蒼蠅（家蠅上科）等。 Avicennia marina is the most widely distributed mangrove species in Taiwan. It has early mature seeds and seedlings. The hypocotyles can germinate and grow in 3 weeks after the fruit growth, yet the seed dispersal occurs 6 - 7 weeks after the fruit growth. So it is called “cryptic vivipary”. The processes of budding and leafing take place all year round, but the shoots and leaves extend better in southern Taiwan than those in northern Taiwan. The blooming seasons of the species are about synchronous, from mid-May to mid-July, In southern Taiwan(N 23°27' 44.2' - 22°27' 39.5'). The fruits ripen from August to September and disperse from August to mid-September. In the northern Taiwan(N 24°54' 45.7' - 24°54' 33.0'), the chronological timing of the species will be delayed for two weeks. The rate of blooming and fruiting in northern Taiwan is rather low compared to that in southern Taiwan. The flowers of A. marina have both fragrance and nectar. This species is an insect pollinated, with pollination occuring only in the day time, especially in the early morning. The pollination vectors of the species included, Xylotrechus sp. Lycus sp. Apis sp. and common fly (Muscoidea).

Avicennia marina is the most widely distributed mangrove species in Taiwan. It has early mature seeds and seedlings. The hypocotyles can germinate and grow in 3 weeks after the fruit growth, yet the seed dispersal occurs 6 - 7 weeks after the fruit growth. So it is called “cryptic vivipary”. The processes of budding and leafing take place all year round, but the shoots and leaves extend better in southern Taiwan than those in northern Taiwan. The blooming seasons of the species are about synchronous, from mid-May to mid-July, In southern Taiwan（N 23°27' 44.2' - 22°27' 39.5'）. The fruits ripen from August to September and disperse from August to mid-September. In the northern Taiwan （N 24°54' 45.7' - 24°54' 33.0'）, the chronological timing of the species will be delayed for two weeks. The rate of blooming and fruiting in northern Taiwan is rather low compared to that in southern Taiwan. The flowers of A. marina have both fragrance and nectar. This species is an insect pollinated, with pollination occuring only in the day time, especially in the early morning. The pollination vectors of the species included, Xylotrechus sp. Lycus sp. Apis sp. and common fly (Muscoidea).