臺灣產茄屬植物核酸多形性之研究

Studies on the DNA polymorphism of Solanum in Taiwan

本研究以採集16種2變異體的70族群材料進行逢機擴增多形性核酸分析，以12個引子進行PCR反應，共得161處條帶記錄，以標幟資料分析求得相似度矩陣，再經歸群分析作成樹狀圖，來表達各種類間的相互關係。由種間的相似度矩陣，可得知各種類的獨特性。歸群分析中可將這些植物分為二大群團：一為無刺群團，但括光果龍葵、龍葵變異體、龍葵、玉山茄、星茄、瑪瑙珠、珊瑚櫻、山煙草、白英、雙花龍葵、蔓茄等10種1變異體；另為有刺群團，包括刺茄、擬刺茄、黃水茄、山茄、萬桃花變異體、萬桃花、印度茄等6種1變異體。此結果與以形態特徵為分類依據的研究結果相符。無刺群團中光果龍葵、龍葵變異體、龍葵三者，歸隸為一亞群，即龍葵雜異體群，其他8種則成另一亞群。外群的雙花龍葵和蔓茄雖在相似度係數0.07處與茄屬無刺群團植物可分開而表現彼此分隸屬不同歸群結果的兩類群，但其與茄屬植物間的相互關係仍頗為密切，並不能明確顯示其獨特性，此證據可提供本屬植物系統分類的參考。 Solanum is the largest genus of Solanaceae. There are nineteen species grown in Taiwan. The DNA polymorphism of each material, collected from the samples of 70 populations belonging to the sixteen species and two variants, were studied by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) genetic markers amplified from total cellular DNA extracts. Twelve decanucleotide primers of arbitrary sequence were used for DNA amplified and total of 161 markers were generated. The genetic marker data were analyzed using the similarity coefficients and clustering method. The dendrogram could show the interrelationships of those plants. The similarity matrix could show the distinctiveness of each species. According to the dendrogram the sixteen species and two variants could be grouped in two c lusters which are similar to the results classified by using the morphological evidences : the first of them is prickleless group, including Solanum americanum, S. nigrum variant, S. nigrum, S. pittosporifolium, S. seaforthianum, S. diphyllum, S. pseudocapsicum, S. erianthum, S. lyratum, Lycianthes biflora, and L. lysimachioides and the second pricikly group, including S. capsicoides, S. sisymbriifolium, S. undatum, S. macaonense, S. torvum variant, S. torvum, and S. violaceum. If the phenon line takes the value of similarity coefficient at 0.71, the former group could be subdivided into two subgroups: one is the S. nigrum complex, including S. americanum, S. nigrum and S. nigrum variant, the other including the other eight species. However, the members of S. nigrum complex share the high similarity value (0.73) and show the closely phylogenetic relationship. If the phenon line takes the value of similarity coefficient at 0.07, the outgroup of Lycianthes biflora and L. lysimachioides could be separated from the prickleless species of Solanum distinctly as two different clustering groups. However, those two species are closely related to the plants of Solanum and could not show their distinctiveness. This evidence could be used for systematically classifying those plants.

Solanum is the largest genus of Solanaceae. There are nineteen species grown in Taiwan. The DNA polymorphism of each material, collected from the samples of 70 populations belonging to the sixteen species and two variants, were studied by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) genetic markers amplified from total cellular DNA extracts. Twelve decanucleotide primers of arbitrary sequence were used for DNA amplified and total of 161 markers were generated. The genetic marker data were analyzed using the similarity coefficients and clustering method. The dendrogram could show the interrelationships of those plants. The similarity matrix could show the distinctiveness of each species. According to the dendrogram the sixteen species and two variants could be grouped in two c lusters which are similar to the results classified by using the morphological evidences : the first of them is prickleless group, including Solanum americanum, S. nigrum variant, S. nigrum, S. pittosporifolium, S. seaforthianum, S. diphyllum, S. pseudocapsicum, S. erianthum, S. lyratum, Lycianthes biflora, and L. lysimachioides and the second pricikly group, including S. capsicoides, S. sisymbriifolium, S. undatum, S. macaonense, S. torvum variant, S. torvum, and S. violaceum. If the phenon line takes the value of similarity coefficient at 0.71, the former group could be subdivided into two subgroups: one is the S. nigrum complex, including S. americanum, S. nigrum and S. nigrum variant, the other including the other eight species. However, the members of S. nigrum complex share the high similarity value (0.73) and show the closely phylogenetic relationship. If the phenon line takes the value of similarity coefficient at 0.07, the outgroup of Lycianthes biflora and L. lysimachioides could be separated from the prickleless species of Solanum distinctly as two different clustering groups. However, those two species are closely related to the plants of Solanum and could not show their distinctiveness. This evidence could be used for systematically classifying those plants.