馬祖列島燕鷗保護區維管束植物組成特性研究

Composition of Vascular Plants at Matsu Islands Tern Refuge

相對於鳥類研究，馬祖列島燕鷗保護區8個島礁之植物研究資料相對較缺乏。因此，本研究於 2010 年非燕鷗繁殖季的4月及9月於馬祖列島燕鷗保護區 8 個島礁之進行植物資源調查，分析各島礁植物種豐富度、植物生活型譜、島礁間組成相似性，並利用物種組成與環境關係探討島嶼生物地理學。調查記錄維管束植物種類共53科102屬107種，單屬種比例非常高。歸化植物包括美洲假蓬（Conyza bonariensis）、苦蘵（Physalis angulata）、南方山芫荽（Cotula australis）等3種。種數最多的科為菊科（Compositae）（11種），其次為禾本科（10種），繁殖體傳播方式多為風媒和動物媒（鳥媒）為主。植物生活型譜以挺空植物種類最多（37.50%），依次為半地中植物（25.00%）、1年生植物（20.19%）、地表植物（12.50%）、地中植物（4.81%），而各島礁之植物生活型譜不儘相同。蕨類植物海金沙（Lygodium japonicum）、傅氏鳳尾蕨（Pteris fauriei）、全緣貫眾蕨（Cyrtomium falcatum） 3種。植物組成種數最多的島礁為進嶼（70種）、其次為鐵尖島（62種），最少的是白廟（20種）和雙子礁（19 種）；主成分分析、矩陣群團分析、對應分析結果顯示，進嶼、鐵尖島和蛇山的植物組成與其他島差異較大，反映各島礁環境特性；即島礁植物資源組成主要受土壤佔島比例面積、島礁面積大小及與鄰近大島距離等環境影響。 Compared with birds, plants at Matsu Islands Tern Refuge are relatively less studied. Therefore, resource recording of vascular plants was conducted during April and September 2010, which are tern nonbreeding seasons. Plant life from, plant composition in the islands, and relationships between compositions and environments were analyzed. In total, 53 families, 102 genera, and 107 species of vascular plants were recorded. The proportion of single species within a genus was high. Three naturalized species, Conyza bonariensis, Physalis angulata, and Cotula australis, were identifi ed among the recorded vascular plants. The most abundant species belonged to Compositae (11 species) and Gramineae (10 species). Seed or fruit dispersal traits were mainly observed in the anemochore and zoochore (bird dispersal) plants. The most abundant life form was phanerophytes (37.50%), followed by hemicryptophytes (25.0%), therophytes (20.19%), chamaephytes (12.50%), and geophytes (4.81%). The plant life spectra were somewhat different in the islands/reefs. Three pteridophyte species, Lygodium japonicum, Pteris fauriei, and Cyrtomium falcatum, were recorded. The most abundant composition was found in Jinyu (70 species) and Tiejian (62 species); Shuangzi Reef (19 species) and Baimiao (20 species) had the least abundant composition. Principal component analysis, matrix cluster analysis, and correspondence analysis revealed that the plant compositions in Jinyu, Tiejian, and Sheshan were different from those in the other islands/reefs, indicating the environmental features of islands/reefs. This result is similar to that of the analysis of plant life-form spectra. We observed that the compositions of plant resources in the islands/reefs of Matsu Islands Tern Refuge were mainly affected by the ratio of the soil area of the island, size of the island, and distance between the island and neighboring larger islands.