「朱紈之死」與閩南士紳林希元──兼論嘉靖年間閩南區域秩序之變遷

Local Gentry Lin Xiyuan vs. Commander Zhu Wan: The Changes of Political and Social Order in the 16th Century Southeastern China Coast

巡視浙江都御史朱紈，因在處理佛郎機夷的過程中被劾擅殺而下獄，後自盡於獄中。在明清史家的歷史敘事中，他被視作因嚴行海禁、觸犯沿海通番勢家（以林希元為代表）遭構陷而死，並將其後的「嘉靖大倭寇」的發生歸咎於此。而在近代關於明代海外貿易的討論中，則將此事件視為海禁派代表的朱紈與沿海開禁派代表林希元之間的鬥爭。這兩種敘事結構中，都很少提及林希元本身的主張。但林希元作為當時有名的學者，對此事件有另一番辯說之詞。運用林希元文集中的史料，可以看到在國家秩序與地方利益對抗性的敘事結構之外，還可有另類的歷史敘事，即沿海士紳與部分地方官員在沿海貿易興起，與不可迴避的海疆不靖的情境中，嘗試以設置「安邊館」的形式，爭取地方秩序的恢復與沿海貿易制度化的訴求。 When dealing with pirates in southeast China, Imperial Censor Zhu Wan was charged with the murder of innocent people. Shortly thereafter, Zhu Wan committed suicide in prison. Ming and Qing historians depicted Zhu Wan as a tragic hero who was framed by Lin Xiyuan, a powerful member of the local gentry. According to modern historians, the conflict between Lin Xiyuan and Zhu Wan arose primarily due to their contradictory opinions about maritime trade in southeast China during the late Ming. This essay offers a first-time look at this conflict from Lin Xiyuan’s point of view, relying upon his personal writing. In particular, Lin’s role in building Anbian guan, a special institution designed to protect maritime commerce and maintain regional order, necessitates a re-examination of the Lin-Zhu conflict.

When dealing with pirates in southeast China, Imperial Censor Zhu Wan was charged with the murder of innocent people. Shortly thereafter, Zhu Wan committed suicide in prison. Ming and Qing historians depicted Zhu Wan as a tragic hero who was framed by Lin Xiyuan, a powerful member of the local gentry. According to modern historians, the conflict between Lin Xiyuan and Zhu Wan arose primarily due to their contradictory opinions about maritime trade in southeast China during the late Ming. This essay offers a first-time look at this conflict from Lin Xiyuan’s point of view, relying upon his personal writing. In particular, Lin’s role in building Anbian guan, a special institution designed to protect maritime commerce and maintain regional order, necessitates a re-examination of the Lin-Zhu conflict.