以AHP法評估海洋保護區的永續發展策略

Assessing the Sustainable Development of Marine Protected Areas with Analytic Hierarchy Process

劃設海洋保護區為兼具保育海洋生物多樣性與永續利用資源的有效方法。但在社會、政治和環境的多樣化條件下，使立意良好的政策措施，因在不同利益群體間未有折衝平衡的考量，以致在執行時極具挑戰性與困難。為能客觀分析各利益相關群體的立場，本研究運用專家式問卷、層級分析法及深入面訪方式，透過分析管理者、漁民、研究學者、浮／潛水遊客及當地業者等5個主要不同利益相關群組的觀點，用以解析與量化各群組在海洋保護區發展目標上的衝突立場與態度，評價海洋保護區的管理適當性與永續發展的策略。研究結果得知，各群組於保持生態系統的完整性、廢棄物與污染處理、統合管理等因子具有共識，而在法令界定禁止事項及執行管制措施因子上仍有衝突點。因之發展策略上應納入所有利益相關者的需求與利益，減少當地經濟壓力與反對，尋求一個可以被普遍接受的共同管理模式，以使海洋保護區得以永續發展。 Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is a very effective approach for conservation of marine biological diversity and sustainable use of resources. However, under the varieties of social, political and environmental conditions, a well-intentioned policy of MPAs may be failing for no compromise measures, and the implementation of measures remains challenging. The data was collected through interview and questionnaires from five key stakeholder groups, using the Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to define compromise positions between stakeholders. This study analyzed and quantified the attitude of and conflict between the stakeholder groups for the sustainable development of MPAs. We aimed to evaluate the appropriate management and development strategies for MPAs. The results of the study showed that the stakeholder groups have consensus on ”ecosystem integrity maintenance”, ”pollution and waste treatment”, and ”integrated governance”. However,, conflicts exist on ”prohibits by laws” and ”enforcement procedure”. For future success of MPAs management, strategy for sustainable development should incorporate the needs and interests of all stakeholders to eliminate economic pressure for local residents.

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is a very effective approach for conservation of marine biological diversity and sustainable use of resources. However, under the varieties of social, political and environmental conditions, a well-intentioned policy of MPAs may be failing for no compromise measures, and the implementation of measures remains challenging. The data was collected through interview and questionnaires from five key stakeholder groups, using the Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to define compromise positions between stakeholders. This study analyzed and quantified the attitude of and conflict between the stakeholder groups for the sustainable development of MPAs. We aimed to evaluate the appropriate management and development strategies for MPAs. The results of the study showed that the stakeholder groups have consensus on ”ecosystem integrity maintenance”, ”pollution and waste treatment”, and ”integrated governance”. However,, conflicts exist on ”prohibits by laws” and ”enforcement procedure”. For future success of MPAs management, strategy for sustainable development should incorporate the needs and interests of all stakeholders to eliminate economic pressure for local residents.