不同旅遊需求函數設定下之遊憩效益比較──以宜蘭縣為例

A Comparison on Recreational Values under Different Recreational Demand Functions-An Example of Ilan County

本研究以宜蘭縣遊憩區為研究對象，分別設定線性、半對數及線性支出等三種不同的旅遊需求函數（其中線性支出旅遊需求係由修正的Cobb-Douglas效用函數推導而得），以旅遊成本法進行遊憩效益評估，所採用之遊憩效益指標則包括消費者剩餘（ConsumerSurplus，CS）、補償變量（Compensation Variation，CV）與對等變量（Equivalent Variation，EV）三種。本研究針對2003年底至2004年前半年至宜蘭各大遊憩區旅遊的遊客進行抽樣調查，共得1,204份有效樣本。以線性旅遊需求估計而得之平均消費者剩餘為1,309.44元、補償變量為1,310.51元、對等變量為1,308.90元；以半對數旅遊需求估計之消費者剩餘、補償變量與對等變量分別為3,109.95元、3,110.32元、3,109.59元。在修正的Cobb-Douglas效用函數下推導出線性支出旅遊需求函數，所推估計的消費者剩餘、補償變量與對等變量則分別為295.52元、292.95元、289.70元。由本研究結果得知，各種旅遊需求函數下之不同遊憩效益指標（CS、CV、EV）並無顯著差異，而不同旅遊需求函數設定下之遊憩效益則顯著不同，以半對數旅遊需求函數下最高，線性旅遊需求函數次之，線性支出旅遊需求函數最低。 The recreation values of the recreational sites in the Ilan county were estimated by travel cost model (TCM) under different recreational demand functions, namely, linear, semi-log, and linear expenditure (derived from a modified Cobb-Douglas utility function). The recreation value indices included consumer surplus (CS), compensation variation (CV), and equivalent variation (EV).The 1,204 valid questionnaires for analysis were collected by sampling the tourists in the major recreational sites of Ilan during the period of Dec. 2003 to June 2004. The average CS, CV, and EV under linear demand function were NT$1,309.44, $1,310.51, and $1,308.90, respectively. Under semi-log demand function, the average CS, CV, and EV were NT$3,109.95, $3,110.32, and $3,109.59, respectively. The average CS, CV, and EV estimated from a modified Cobb-Douglas utility function (and hence a linear expenditure demand function) were NT$295.52, $292.95, and $289.70. The results of this research indicated that the recreation values estimated by the three different indices (CS, CV, EV) were not significantly different. While different recreational demand functions yielded significantly different recreation values. Among the three demand functions (linear, semi-log, linear expenditure), the recreation value under semi-log function was the highest, and under linear expenditure demand function was the lowest.

The recreation values of the recreational sites in the Ilan county were estimated by travel cost model (TCM) under different recreational demand functions, namely, linear, semi-log, and linear expenditure (derived from a modified Cobb-Douglas utility function). The recreation value indices included consumer surplus (CS), compensation variation (CV), and equivalent variation (EV).The 1,204 valid questionnaires for analysis were collected by sampling the tourists in the major recreational sites of Ilan during the period of Dec. 2003 to June 2004. The average CS, CV, and EV under linear demand function were NT$1,309.44, $1,310.51, and $1,308.90, respectively. Under semi-log demand function, the average CS, CV, and EV were NT$3,109.95, $3,110.32, and $3,109.59, respectively. The average CS, CV, and EV estimated from a modified Cobb-Douglas utility function (and hence a linear expenditure demand function) were NT$295.52, $292.95, and $289.70. The results of this research indicated that the recreation values estimated by the three different indices (CS, CV, EV) were not significantly different. While different recreational demand functions yielded significantly different recreation values. Among the three demand functions (linear, semi-log, linear expenditure), the recreation value under semi-log function was the highest, and under linear expenditure demand function was the lowest.