感恩與互惠規範知覺促進利他行為之研究

A study of the perceptions of gratitude and reciprocity norms prompt individuals’ prosocial behaviors

利他行為有助於建立人際關係，並促使社會和諧，因此成為許多學者研究的議題。先前對於利他行為的研究，多以大學生或成年人作為研究對象，並證實感恩以及互惠規範知覺皆能促進利他行為，且與利他行為正向相關，惟是否能適用於國內國小學童則未獲證實。本研究以110位國小五年級學童為研究對象，採取準實驗研究設計，藉由獨立t檢定與相關分析，共有六點發現。第一、給予協助提示，可以提升感恩知覺。第二、感恩知覺與利他行為具有正向關係。第三、互惠規範宣導，可以提升互惠規範知覺。第四、互惠規範與利他行為具有正向關係。第五、相較於分別給予感恩知覺或是互惠規範知覺，同時給予感恩知覺與互惠規範知覺更有助於提升個體之利他行為。第六，感恩知覺與互惠規範知覺的交互作用更能預測利他行為。 Because prosocial behaviors are helpful for building and maintaining social relationships and promoting social harmony. It becomes a subject of many scholars' research. Previous studies of prosocial behaviors were mostly conducted with university students or adults. Both gratitude and reciprocity norms awareness were confirmed to prompt individuals to behave prosocially and were positively related to prosocial behaviors. However, whether the findings can be applied to domestic primary school children is not confirmed.For 110 fifth graders, using a quasi-experimental design, independent t test and correlation analysis, the findings are as follows. (1) Giving help tips can enhance gratitude. (2) Gratitude is positive to prosocial behaviors. (3) Reciprocity norms courses can promote individual’s sense of reciprocity norms. (4) The sense of reciprocity norms is positive to prosocial behaviors. (5) The total effect of simultanous gratitude and the sense of reciprocity norms on prosocial behaviors were above giving gratitude or the sense of reciprocity norms seperately. (6) The interactions between gratitude and the sense of reciprocity norms are more effective in predicting prosocial behaviors.

Because prosocial behaviors are helpful for building and maintaining social relationships and promoting social harmony. It becomes a subject of many scholars' research. Previous studies of prosocial behaviors were mostly conducted with university students or adults. Both gratitude and reciprocity norms awareness were confirmed to prompt individuals to behave prosocially and were positively related to prosocial behaviors. However, whether the findings can be applied to domestic primary school children is not confirmed.For 110 fifth graders, using a quasi-experimental design, independent t test and correlation analysis, the findings are as follows. (1) Giving help tips can enhance gratitude. (2) Gratitude is positive to prosocial behaviors. (3) Reciprocity norms courses can promote individual’s sense of reciprocity norms. (4) The sense of reciprocity norms is positive to prosocial behaviors. (5) The total effect of simultanous gratitude and the sense of reciprocity norms on prosocial behaviors were above giving gratitude or the sense of reciprocity norms seperately. (6) The interactions between gratitude and the sense of reciprocity norms are more effective in predicting prosocial behaviors.