何休五諫範型之創立──兼論五諫之形成與發展

Hé xiū ＂wǔ jiàn＂ and its paradigm establishment--also on the formation and development of ＂wǔ jiàn＂

「五諫」之說，首見《說苑》。惟《說苑》所述，無論就理論基礎、理論陳述或概念解說而言，皆略嫌簡略。降及《白虎通》，始援「五常」入「五諫」，且依五常之性，申述五諫之特質；五諫之理論基礎及概念定義，始稍完備。至何休，始援「史例」以明「五諫」之旨義；五諫之差異及各種諫法之特質，至此方有較為具體之闡述。綜觀三家所論，雖其用辭略有差異，但皆肯定諫之意義與價值；其中「諷諫」不僅為三家所共有，更為三家論諫之首選。足見以「諷」為核心之勸諫方式，實為漢世諫論之主流。

＂wǔ jiàn＂, first seen in the ＂shuō yuàn＂ However, ＂shuō yuàn＂ described regardless of the theoretical basis, theoretical statements or conceptual explanations,which are slightly brief. The ＂bái hǔ tōng＂ began to use the ＂wǔ cháng＂ to explain the ＂wǔ jiàn＂, and according to the nature of ＂wǔ cháng＂ to describe ＂wǔ jiàn＂.The theoretical foundation of the ＂wǔ jiàn＂ and the definition of the concept are becoming more complete. Until Hé xiū, he used the ＂history＂ to explain the meaning of ＂wǔ jiàn＂ ; ＂jiàn＂ differences and the characteristics of various admonitions just have a more specific exposition. Look at the three theories, although the use of words were slightly different, but sured the meaning and value of remonstrance. The ＂Fěng Jiàn＂ is not only shared by the three, but also be choosed by the three on the remonstrance. It is obvious that the remonstration mode centered on ＂Fěng＂,and it is the mainstream of the admonishments in the Han Dynasty.