原住民身分認定法規沿革與25年兩性原住民人口增加之構成

The Amendments of Indigenous Status Identification Regulations and the Compositions of Male and Female Indigenous Populations from 1991 to 2015

民國80、90年施行的法規逐步放寬因結婚、生育、收養等而取得或回復身分的認定標準，原住民人口也隨社會民主開放從34.6萬人增至民國104年的54.7萬人，然而在戶籍登記「取得或回復身分人數」並未見諸政府統計，因而本研究目的為探究民國80-104年兩性原住民人口增加之構成，應用「人口簿記」的方法，以政府已公布民國91-104年戶籍登記原住民出生與死亡人數來估算取得或回復身分人數，再回推民國80-89年的情況。本研究發現：民國91-104年原住民出生人數性別比為108、死亡人數性別比高達145，使「自然增加」男性1.4萬人、女性2萬人，再以總增加人數減去之，可估算出民國90-104年男、女性「取得或回復身分」各有4萬、6.1萬人；兩性巨幅差距形成於壯、中年期，也受女性平均餘命較長之影響。再估算民國80-89年男性「取得或回復身分」約有1.3萬人，歷年人數反映政治民主化與原住民族正名運動的過程，女性2.2萬人更包含依法規回復身分的早期外婚女性，加上新增外婚女性不再喪失身分，所形成約2萬「原妻漢夫通婚戶」在民國90年後依「從姓原則」可使子女從母姓而取得身分，對人口大幅增加有重要影響。本研究建議再釐清改從母姓而取得身分的人數在兩性間與兩世代間的差距。 The standards dealing with the Indigenous Status obtaining or restoring in the conditions of intermarriage, child breeding and adoption were broadened progressively in the regulations promulgated in 1991 and in 2001, while Indigenous population increased by 58% from 1991 to 2015 in the context of democratization of Taiwan. However, the government did not reveal the increasing numbers of those obtaining or restoring status. This study aims to explore the compositions of male and female Indigenous population increase during 1991 and 2015. The method of ＂demographic bookkeeping＂ was adopted, using the released households registration numbers of birth and death to uncover the numbers of people obtaining or restoring status from 2001 to 2015, and then estimate the relevant numbers from 1991 to 2000. The findings are as follows: First, with the sex ratio of 108 for birth registrants and 145 for death registers, male's natural increase number is 140,000 and female's is 200,000 approximately, with which 400,000 males and 610,000 females obtaining or restoring status can be estimated. Second, the gap of 210 thousand mainly derived from the 30-64-year-old which also reflected the gap of life expectancies between the two sexes. Third, the estimated 130,000 males' status obtaining or restoring were motivated mainly by the Indigenous Movement in 1990s, while the number of 220,000 for female included the previous out-married ones. The approximate 200,000 intermarried households with Indigenous females formed during 1991 and 2000 were the main source of population increase after 2001, of which the children following maternal surname can obtain status according to the ＂Surname-based Status Inheritance Rule＂ of the Indigenous Status Act. The findings imply that the number of those who change to follow maternal surname to obtain Indigenous Status between the two sexes and between the two generations have to be further clarified.

The standards dealing with the Indigenous Status obtaining or restoring in the conditions of intermarriage, child breeding and adoption were broadened progressively in the regulations promulgated in 1991 and in 2001, while Indigenous population increased by 58% from 1991 to 2015 in the context of democratization of Taiwan. However, the government did not reveal the increasing numbers of those obtaining or restoring status. This study aims to explore the compositions of male and female Indigenous population increase during 1991 and 2015. The method of ＂demographic bookkeeping＂ was adopted, using the released households registration numbers of birth and death to uncover the numbers of people obtaining or restoring status from 2001 to 2015, and then estimate the relevant numbers from 1991 to 2000. The findings are as follows: First, with the sex ratio of 108 for birth registrants and 145 for death registers, male's natural increase number is 140,000 and female's is 200,000 approximately, with which 400,000 males and 610,000 females obtaining or restoring status can be estimated. Second, the gap of 210 thousand mainly derived from the 30-64-year-old which also reflected the gap of life expectancies between the two sexes. Third, the estimated 130,000 males' status obtaining or restoring were motivated mainly by the Indigenous Movement in 1990s, while the number of 220,000 for female included the previous out-married ones. The approximate 200,000 intermarried households with Indigenous females formed during 1991 and 2000 were the main source of population increase after 2001, of which the children following maternal surname can obtain status according to the ＂Surname-based Status Inheritance Rule＂ of the Indigenous Status Act. The findings imply that the number of those who change to follow maternal surname to obtain Indigenous Status between the two sexes and between the two generations have to be further clarified.