文學地位理論：與海明威的活動盛宴

A Theory of Place in Literature: With Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast

在這個作品當中，一個文學地位的理論被建立起來並加以分析。雖然長久以來 許多分析家都已經檢視過這個主題，一個縝密且完整的理論尚未被建立起來。這篇 論文是以韋爾提和伯爾為主體，他們兩人都寫過有關這個主題的著作。以他們的著 作為基礎，一個完整與理性的理論有清楚的敘述，把他們的想法與作者的想法融合 為一個整體。 這個理論包括了地方的真實與相關的概念；個人的聯繫；群島的景觀和共同的 生活經驗；社交建構的相關生活空間與地方；環境的實體；地方的「人文」；個人 差異與關係；組織密度「可察覺的價值中心」的地位；中央存在與多變的內容不定 與起伏的關係；想像結合事實的地方在文學上的地位；以及長久以來地方變化的存 在。此外，「民族學、主題、實體與地位」的一部分對這個研究有一個很重要的貢 獻。 讀者應該要知道這些特點常常彼此相互關聯，創造了合併後的意思以及新的附 屬部分，產生了撼動內涵與本義的紛擾並產生新的議題與歷史紀錄。地方不只是我 們身處何地的議題，且是我們為何物，且最重要的是我們曾在何處的議題。 這個 研究引進了探究身在何處的意識、體認與知覺的探究。 所有這些因素都對文學上地方的描述有所貢獻，而這個論點都可在檢視華頓、 高汀、福克納、史蒂文森，特別是海明威的作品時都可看到其豐富性。

In this work a theory of place in literature is constructed and analyzed. Although this topic has been examined by various analysts over time， a coherent and complete theory has not been created. This paper is based substantially on Eudora Welty and Lawrence Buell， both who wrote about this topic. Based on their work， a complete and rational theory is articulated， assembling their ideas along with the author’s， into a unified whole. This theory includes conceptions of what is real and relevant in place; individual bond; a view of archipelagos and concentric circles of lived experience; the sum of socially constructed， relevant spaces and places in life; environmental materiality; the “humanity” of place， individual differences and relationships; place as “centers of felt value” with organizational thickness; the uncertain and fluctuating relation between centered being and changeful context; imagined-cum-factual places in literature; and change in place over time. Additionally， a section on “Ethnology， Subject， Object and Place” makes an important contribution to this study. Readers should be aware that these features often loop across one another， creating sorts of annexed meaning and new appendages， yielding agitations that unsettle connotation and denotation， and generating new agendas and chronicles. Place is much more than simply where we are it is also what we are， and， importantly， where we were. This introduces a look into situated consciousness， awareness and sentience into this work. All of these factors contribute to descriptions of place in literature， which will be seen in all their richness in the examinations of Wharton， Golding， Faulkner， Stephenson， and especially， Hemingway.