荷治時代屏東平原放索社域及其發展

Development of the Pangsoya Village on the Pingtung Plain under Dutch Colonial Rule

放索社屬於屏東平原平埔族鳳山八社之一，目前學者多從整體的觀點論述屏東平原鳳山八社的分佈、土地所有權的轉移與國家政策和其他族群互動的關係，或以鳳山八社之塔樓社、力力社、阿猴社、大澤機社為例進一步探討，然對放索社僅有簡要說明，並無深入探究。本文主要以文獻記載為主，運用1636年繪製的〈手繪臺灣地圖〉與〈手繪臺灣西海岸海圖〉兩幅地圖，佐以1641至1648年《熱蘭遮城日誌》的內容與清代相關文獻，逐步解析放索社域的變遷與形塑過程，釐清荷治時代屏東平原放索社址是位於潟湖側邊平原，即今屏東縣南州鄉南安村，而非今屏東縣林邊鄉潟湖西南方沙洲上的放索聚落。本文同時探討荷治時代統治者政策對放索社居民的影響，荷屬東印度公司為達成國家利益與宣揚基督教，採行強制與懷柔政策，對於服從者給予犒賞，不服從者則以武力攻擊，致使屏東平原放索社與其他各社先後臣服，使荷蘭勢力範圍涵蓋今屏東縣屏東平原等地。

The Pangsoya village was one of the Feng-shan Eight, the eight Ping-pu aboriginal villages in the Feng-shan area. On the basis of literature survey as well as justification from maps of different times, the present work explored the process of change and development of the Pangsoya area under Dutch colonial rule. The life style and activities of the Ping-pu aborigines residing in Pangsoya were extensively investigated as well. The Ping-pu, Pai-wan, Ru-kai aborigines were the indigenous peoples dwelling on the Pingtung plain before the immigration of the Han Chinese. In 1624, the Dutch people became aggressive in expanding their authority in Taiwan, extended their territory south from Tayouan to Pingtung. The people of the thirteen aboriginal villages on the Pingtung plain were dominated by the Dutch people in 1636, and meanwhile the tax-paying agreement was also achieved. Historically speaking, the development of the Kao-Ping river basin in the modern Pingtung area can be traced back to an age as early as the seventeenth century. According to the maps of Taiwan (drawn by Johannes Vingboons,1936) and Taiwan west coast (drawn by Pieter Jansz van Middelburch,1936), the Pangsoya village was located east of a lagoon. The Zeelandia Diaries (1641-1648) revealed that “Panghsoya” was a harbor for junks to berth. In addition, the Zeelandia Diaries of 1645 recorded that the Dutch authority merged some neighboring villages into a large district for the purpose of full governance. As a result, the area of the “Panghsoya” village was enlarged. “Panghsoya” was later on used to represent the Pangsoya village or the Pangsoya region. Taiwan under Dutch colonial rule, the indigenous land and activities of the Ping-pu aborigines residing on the Pingtung plain were gradually squeezed because of a series of conqueror’s exploiting policies and conflicts between different ethic groups. Under this circumstance, the Pangsoya village changed and has evolved its unique historical characteristics.