論莫言《蛙》的身體政治、歷史敘事與贖罪意識

On the politics of body, narrative of history and consciousness of atonement in Frog by Mo Yan

莫言小說《蛙》，刻意以虛實相間的敘事，探索中國子民難以逃脫的歷史命運。本文第一節論述「中國的節育故事」，討論現有研究的重要成果，以及《蛙》的評價。第二節探討「節育與代孕：現代性身體及其矛盾」，論述中共當權者透過節育，進行富國強兵的現代化論述，將國家（富強的國體）與民眾的身體（節育有制的身體）合而為一，以政治力控制人民的身體；進入階級性時期，資本家再以市場需求重塑「現代性身體」的神話，本文闡述節育與代孕形塑「現代性身體」的矛盾及迷思。第三節「歷史敘事」，論述紀實╱虛構交錯的敘事策略，評議後設敘事的價值及意義。第四節探索「諾貝爾文學獎與贖罪文學」，闡述「贖罪」意涵去政治化的意義。第五節「結論」，評價《蛙》的整體成就。

The novel Frog by Mo Yan tackles with the doomed historical fate of the Chinese people by means of deliberately arranged narratives in which the fact and fiction are interwoven. This paper will exam this novel carefully in four parts .The section one discusses ''introduction'' by means of reviewing the available literature about this novel and this subject. The section two probes into the modernity of body and its ambivalence in birth control and surrogacy through the discussion of the policy of birth control carried out by the CPC authority which integrates the nation (prosperous state) and the body of the people (disciplined by the political power) in the discourse of making a prosperous country with a powerful army. After entering the period of class politics the capitalists reshaped the myth of modernity of the body according to the requirement of the market. The section three probes into the subject ''historical narrative'' through the discussion of the narrative strategy of the novel which is characteristic of the interweaving of fact and fiction and comments on the value and significance of the meta-narrative. The section four discusses the literature of atonement and elaborates the significance of the de-politicized implication of atonement. The last section evaluates the overall achievement of the novel Frog.