初級日語學習者使用學習方法之狀況－－透過自由敘述調查的質性分析

Usage of Learning Methods by Elementary Japanese Learners - Qualitative Analysis through Self-Reflection

本篇論文是以將日語視為第二外語學習的64名初級學習者為調查對象，利用自我檢視之自由敘述的調查方法，來分析他們在日語的學習當中，使用學習方法的實際情況以及與自律學習態度的相關性。分析方法是以期末考試成績為標準，將64名調查對象區分成上群、中群、下群，針對調查對象之自由敘述內容使用K.J法進行分析。分析結果，整理如下4點。（1）上群和中群的學習者重視學習過程，並且為了加深理解，會調整自身的學習方法；其次，下群的學習者重視學習結果，使用的學習方法比較單調。（2）上群和中群的學習者會考量全盤的日語學習來規劃學習計畫，相對於此，下群的學習者則著重於解決眼前的課題。（3）關於後設認知能力，雖然下群不如上群和中群學習者的發揮，但是依然可觀察到下群學習者會使用到某種程度的後設認知策略。在以往的學習策略研究中，一般認為成績不理想的學習者是不擅長使用自身的後設認知能力的。但從本篇論文的結果顯示，即使學力比較不佳的學習者也會發揮自身的後設認知能力，並且順應不同的學習狀況來使用後設認知的學習策略。（4）以學力別的學習方法使用來看，隨著學力的上升，學習方法使用的種類和數量也會增加。也就是說，學習者學習方法的使用是會隨著階層性而衍生變化的。

This research investigates free response descriptive self-reflection for 64 beginners majoring in Japanese as a foreign language. The author analyzes the correlation between learning methods and autonomous learning attitudes in learning Japanese. Students are divided into three groups (top, middle and bottom) using final examination grades and the K.J. method is utilized to study the content of learners' self-reflections. The authors reports four important findings: (1) Learners in top and middle groups focus on learning processes and adjust methods to deepen their understanding. The bottom group focuses on learning results and methods are simplistic. (2) Learners in the top and middle groups plan and schedule their Japanese learning comprehensively, while those in the bottom group focus on solving current tasks. (3) Learners in the bottom group exhibit a certain level of meta-cognitive ability, although to a lesser degree than top and middle group learners. While previous studies on learning strategies attributed low grades to lack of meta-cognitive ability, this study revealed that even learners in the bottom group could employ self meta-cognitive ability and learning strategies in different learning situations. (4) The types and quantities of learning methods employed by learners were increased in higher performing students, showing a hierarchal relationship in the usage of learning methods.