「場合」に関する一試論－－一般條件をめぐって

An Attempt at Elucidating a GeneralConditional ‘Ba-ai’

「場合」（???）雖非條件句形式亦非時間句形式，但在例句中可觀察到「場合」（???）和條件句形式以及時間句形式是可互換的，因此本論文首先就使用「場合」（???）的子句應該如何定位進行了探討。本論文採用南不二男（1993）對從屬子句的分類就表示條件子句的「場合」（???）進行分析，並記述了其句構特徵。指出了表示條件子句的「場合」（???）是形式名詞，並和條件句形式「?」、「?」、「??」、「??」同樣屬於B 類從屬子句。本論文並記述了「場合」（???） 和條件句形式「?」、「?」、「??」、「??」在句中的共用狀況，指出了此兩者在句中的接續關係可分為兩種，其一為「包覆關係」，即主句依附於使用條件句形式的子句，而使用條件句形式的子句再依附於使用「場合」（???）的子句；其二為「並列關係」，即為表示列舉狀況的關係。最後就一般條件比較了「場合（???）」和條件句形式「?」、「?」之間的用法差異。指出了兩者之間的差異在於，使用「?」、「?」時其重點在於表示前件和後件兩事態間的依存關係；而「場合（???）」則是提示後件事態會在何種狀況或場面下發生。

The paper investigates the phrase ‘ba-ai’ assuming that a clause uses ‘ba-ai’ toplay the role of a conditional. When analyzed using Minami’s classification ofsubordinate phrases (1993), it was revealed that ‘ba-ai’, used as a conditional, works asan adjectival noun and belongs to the category B of the classification along withconditional expressing forms such as ‘to’, ‘ba’, ‘tara’ and ‘nara’. It was alsoelucidated that the conjunction is strong when ‘ba-ai’ and another conditionalexpressing form are used in the same text, that it divides into two distinctive structures;hyponymy and parallel. Hyponymy occurs when a principal clause depends on a clausewith conditional expressing form as well as when the clause with conditionalexpressing form further depends on a clause with ‘ba-ai’. Parallel occurs whensituations are simply listed.‘Ba-ai’ as a general conditional and as conditional expressing forms ‘to’ and ’ba’were also compared. The difference was demonstrated that ‘to’ and ‘ba’ are used toemphasize the dependency between situations while ‘ba-ai’ plays a role in suggestinghow the situation afterwards will happen.