美國成年人監護監督制度研究－－兼議《中華人民共和國民法總則》的相關規定

Study on the Construction of Adult Guardianship Monitoring System

美國成年人監護監督制度經歷了從無到有，逐漸發展成包括監護計劃、監護報告、監護報告的審閱、懲罰措施、資金保障、社會參與等在內的制度體系，形成了一個全程保護欠缺行為能力成年人的法律系統。隨著我國老齡化和高齡化形勢嚴峻，《民法總則》中的監護監督制度存在主體空缺、實體法與程序法缺乏等問題，制度形同虛設，無法對監護人進行有效監督，導致被監護人處於權益隨時可能遭受侵害的危險之中，因此，有必要在借鑒美國成年人監護監督立法與司法實踐經驗的基礎上構建我國民法典中成年人監護監督的法律制度。

U.S. adult guardianship monitoring system experienced the process from nonexistence to pass into existence, from be only important to court to all social parties involved in and from attaching importance to judicial practice to attaching importance to legislation and then attaching importance to judicial and legislation. Then a relatively perfect legal system of protecting incapacitated adults was formed. The aging situation of China is grim, but there are problems such as lack ofthe main body, lack of substantive and procedural law in 'General Principles of the Civil Law'. The system is ineffective and unable to carry out effective supervision of the guardians. This will result the risk of being ignored and abused for the wards. Hence, it is necessary to learn experience form the legislation and judicial practive of U.S. guardianship monitoring system and build our adult guardianship monitoring system as soon as possible.