司法改革客體和改革路徑之反思－－以司法事權改革為視角

Reflection on the Object and Path of Judicial Reform: From the Perspective of Judicial Power Reform

當前司法改革研究的主題主要是司法制度和訴訟程序，理論資源主要局限於法學領域特別是訴訟法領域，沒有全面揭示司法改革改什麼（客體）、如何改（路徑）的問題。一定程度上導致改革實踐中，對司法機關人財物管理、司法人員待遇保障等司法管理體制或司法行政事務管理問題沒有給予足夠重視，帶來激勵機制缺位、改革內生動力匱乏、外在支撐疲軟，以及地方的積極性沒有得到充分發揮等問題。實際上，司法改革的客體除司法職權（司法制度、訴訟程序問題）外，還包括司法事權（司法管理體制、司法行政事務管理問題），兩者不能混為一談。在改革路徑上，在堅持對司法職權進行頂層設計的同時，應當鼓猛對司法事權改革的地方競爭，這有利於加快解決制約司法能力發揮的保障不足的問題，提升改革成效。

The main researches of judicial reform today axe judicial system and judicial proceedings, which is almost wholly confined to realm of jurisprudence, especially procedural law, and the issues of what and how to reform have not been yet discussed. Thus the judicial administrative management, such as the management of human, financial, material resources and personnel treatment has been ignored to some extent throughout the judicial reformation, which brings about lack of incentive structure, deficient ontogenetic impetus, weak external support and inadequate local initiative. In fact, not only the judicial functions (judicial system and judicial proceedings) but also the management power (judicial administrative management) is the object of judicial reformation, and they should not be confused as one. In order to give full play to judicial power, the judicial functions and management power are supposed to develop at the same time, which will keep judicial reformation towards the right path.