權利認定的利益判准

The Interest-based Test of Recognition of Rights

基於權利的利益論，判斷具體利益訴求是否構成權利的標準是“利益的相對重要性”。被保護的利益只有比因此而受到限制的其他利益更重要時，才能構成權利。該利益判准經由個案利益衡量而具體化，包括利益的重要性判定和利益的重要性比較這兩個環節。為提高權利認定的效率與可預見性，需要將利益判准類型化。基於利益的類型劃分，個人利益中的基礎利益和累積型理想利益、公共利益中的消費型公益，可能獲得相對重要性，構成了權利的最大可能利益範圍。

According to the interest theory of rights, a particular interest demand will turn into a right, when the interest has relative importance in balance of interests. The interest-based test of rights obtains its concrete content through the balance of interest in individual cases, including the judgment of importance of interest and the comparison of importance of interest. The principlization of interest-based test will enhance the efficiency and foreseeability of justification of rights. Among individual interests, only welfare interests and accumulating ulterior interests have possibility of turning into rights; in public interests, only consuming interests have possibility of turning into rights.