共犯與身份競合時的罪責認定－－以“密切關係人”參與受賄為視角

On the Identification of Criminal Liability in Coincidence of Accomplice and Identity: In the Perspective of 'Closely Related Person' Participating in Bribery

“密切關係人”參與受賄時共犯罪責的認定，屬於共犯與身份的競合，在具體認定時應堅持違法共犯論、共犯從屬性及正犯中心主義的基本立場。在“密切關係人”對國家工作人員受賄加功的場合，“密切關係人”應按受賄罪的共犯定罪處罰；在國家工作人員對“密切關係人”受賄加功的場合，應認定國家工作人員為受賄罪的正犯，“密切關係人”為受賄罪的共犯，在處罰上按各自的責任要素單獨判斷；在國家工作人員與“密切關係人”共同實施受賄的場合，屬於想像競合犯，應按“從一重罪處罰”的原則具體認定各主體的責任；在國家工作人員對“密切關係人”受賄事後認可的場合，屬於對法益侵害結果的認可，將國家工作人員的這種認可行為評價為受賄罪缺乏責任基礎。

When closely related person participates in bribery, the liability cognizance of joint crime involves the concurrence of accomplice and identity. When making specific decision of responsibility, we should stand in the position of illegal accomplice theory, theory of subordination of accomplices and principal offender centralism. Specifically, when closely related person helps the state functionary in taking bribes, the closely related person should be considered to be the accomplice of bribery; when the state functionary helps closely related person in taking bribes, the state functionary should be considered to be the principal offender of the bribery, and the closely related person be the accomplice of bribery, their respective elements alone decide their responsibility judgment; when the state functionary and the closely related person jointly participate in taking bribes, the crimes belong to imaginative joiner of offense, we should sentence it on the basis of the most serious crime; when the state functionary makes subsequent ratification of the closely related person's taking bribes, the state functionary should be considered to accept the infringement results and lacks the foundation to bear the criminal responsibility of bribery.