論從寬處理的三種模式

Study on the Three Dispose Models of the Leniency System

規範嚴謹的從寬處理體系是維持認罪認罰從寬制度適用合法性的基礎條件之一。解讀域外代表性國家的認罪案件從寬處罰規範，可分為美國的“無限制模式”和英國、德國的“比例模式”，不同模式的界分與該國認罪案件快速處理程序的多樣性特點緊密相連。在對比和借鑒的基礎上，我國未來改革宜建立從寬處理的混合體系模式，以配合多元化繁簡分流機制的適用，滿足刑事司法領域優化職權配置、減輕辦案負擔的迫切需要。改革方案應當適當豐富從寬處罰的內涵與類型，在科學地設計從寬比例及其限度的同時，規範檢察權與審判權在刑罰從寬自由裁量方面的互動影響，突顯司法審查與監督的關鍵作用，平衡控辯雙方和被害人等主體的權利義務及其參與關係，既需調動認罪積極性又應保障刑罰威懾力。

The normative leniency regulations is one of the necessary guards for the legitimacy of leniency system on the confession and acceptance of punishment. Studying on the lenient norms of fast processing procedures from foreign representative countries, it could be divided into two different models: one is called 'Nolimit Model' of America, and another is called 'Proportional Model' of Britain and Germany. Both models are related to the diversity of systems dealing with confession cases in different countries. With the application and operation of diversified programs of divisions, China should focus on the 'Fixed Model' of leniency system to meet the needs of simplifying procedures and to reduce the burden of caseload. This model needs coordinating the various division systems, and while clarifying the ranges and limitations of lenient norms, highlighting the key role of judicial review and supervision, we should balance the relationship between rules and discretionary power, which is propitious to mobilize the initiative to plead guilty and guarantee the deterrent value of penalty.