專利侵權損害賠償計算分攤原則的經濟分析

An Economic Analysis for Apportionment Rule in Calculating Patent Damages

分攤原則是在多部件、多專利的複雜產品背景下計算專利侵權損害賠償數額 的重要方法。選擇合適的損害賠償計算基礎是適用分攤原則的起點。將最小可銷售專利實施單元作為損害賠樓計算基礎的缺省規則會帶來賠償不足的較高風險，並可能造成專利許可實踐中交易成本的提高。選擇專利產品的全部市場價值作為計算基礎時，其錯誤風險則是中性的。用於計算分攤比例的各種經濟方法均有其優缺點，必須根據個案選擇適宜的具體計算方法。經驗方法和數量比例法並非確定分攤比例的適當方法，應予以摒棄。

The apportionment rule is an essential tool for calculating patent damages in the setting of multicomponent and/or multi-patent complex products. The choice of a proper loyalty base is the starting point of the apportionment rule. Choosing the smallest saleable patent practicing unit as the default royalty base has more risk of under-compensation and could result in increased transaction costs in practice of patent licenses. In contrast, when the entire market value of the patented product is chosen as the royalty base, the risk of error for patent damages is neutral. Each method of identifying the appropriate apportionment has its merits and demerits, therefore it should be chosen case by case. The rule of thumb and the rule of numerical proportionality are not the right way to identify the proper apportionment and should be rejected.