無用與機心的當代意涵——海德格對莊子思想的闡發

The Contemporary Relevance of Non-usefulness and the Mechanical Heart: Heidegger’s Adaptation of Zhuangzi’s Thought

海德格（Martin Heidegger）年輕時即已接觸莊子的思想，並在人生的不同階段中引用莊子思想。尤其是他中期經歷納粹（Nazi）事件之後，在學術地位上受到嚴峻的考驗，此時他援引莊子的無用思想作為他思想的出路，藉以擺脫前期的意志形上學。本文即是探討海德格在其思想中期於存有論中如何引用莊子「無用」的思想。此外，海德格也將無用思想應用於現代技術批判，這是本文的另一論題。

Martin Heidegger was exposed to Zhuangzi’s thought in his early days and exploited it in various stages of his life. Particularly, when he went through the Nazi events that occurred in his middle stage, he exploited Zhuangzi’s thought of “non-usefulness,” hoping to overcome the metaphysics of will of his early stage. This essay explores and accounts for how Heidegger in his middle stage employed Zhuangzi’s “non-usefulness” in his ontological thinking. The way in which he applied his rethinking of Zhuangzi’s “non-usefulness” to criticize modern technology is also one sub-topic of this essay.