酒後駕車之情境犯罪預防對策

The Strategies of Situational Crime Prevention in Drunk Driving

飲宴應酬是臺灣社會重要社交文化之一，而「酒」則扮演著相當重要之催化劑角色，然飲酒過量或不當飲酒（後）行為，實可能造成個人或社會相當大的成本。目前政府雖努力推展各項防制酒後駕車工作，其層面可說是多元且廣泛，然在現實面上，嚴刑峻罰仍無法有效遏止國人的酒駕行為，甚至在稽查取締上，亦存在差別執法之現象。酒後駕車犯罪，係人與動力交通工具所組成之綜合體，而人是理性的動物，並具有趨利避苦之特性，故欲預防酒後駕車犯罪行為，雖說須以人為本體，但酒駕行為人畢竟為有限度理性之低自控者，欲預防自我控制力不足者的酒駕犯罪，實須從客觀情境著手。即杜絕其可能從事酒駕犯罪之機會因素，爰以情境犯罪預防策略為基礎，進而提出預防酒駕犯罪之「增加酒駕阻力」、「增加酒駕風險」、「減少酒駕誘因」、「減少酒駕刺激」及「移除酒駕藉口」等5大行動對策，以及防制酒駕案件相關的具體做法。最後，希冀透過這些行動策略來有效降低國人酒駕犯罪行為。

Dinner party is one of the important social cultures in Taiwan society, while wine plays a very important role as a catalyst. However, excessive drinking or improper alcohol consumption may result in considerable personal or social costs. At present, although the government is striving to promote the prevention and control of drunk driving, it's level can be described as diverse and wide. However, severe punishment still can't curb the drunk driving behavior of the citizen effectively in reality, even in the inspection, there are also differences in law enforcement phenomenon. The crime of drunk driving is composed of human being and power vehicle. People are rational animals and have the character of pleasure principle, so to prevent the crime of drunk driving, although human must be the main part, but the behavior of drunk driving is the person with bounded rationality and low self-control after all, that to prevent the low self-control person's crime of drunk driving, it is necessary to proceed from the objective situation. That is, to eliminate the factor of opportunity for human to commit the crime of drunk driving, and put forward the five strategies of action which are based on the strategy of situational crime prevention, including 'Increase the effort of drunk driving', 'Increase the risks of drunk driving', 'Reduce the rewards of drunk driving', 'Reduce provocations of drunk driving' and 'Remove excuses of drunk driving', as well as the specific measures related to the prevention of drunk driving. Finally, we hope to reduce the crime of drunk driving effectively by taking these strategies of action.