國立海洋生物博物館觸摸池的體驗式展示與保育議題

The experiential exhibition and conservation issues of the touch pool in National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium

觸摸池是相當受到遊客歡迎的展示項目，世界各國許多的水族館都設置了觸摸池互動展示區。其設置的目的主要是希望觸碰行為和近距離的觀察能帶出好感或好奇心，進而透過解說來引導遊客認識生物、愛護生物，了解這生物的棲所環境，甚至對環境問題有所瞭解，是相當具有教育意義的互動展示區。不過隨著保育觀念的抬頭，部分意見認為觸摸池的設置是一種不尊重生命，有違保育觀念的展示，甚至這種觸碰的行為被認為有虐待動物之嫌。現今世界各國水族館有75.73%設置觸摸池，而當中有70.51%展出無脊椎生物。海生館也與國外多數水族館一樣設置了觸摸池，以展出潮間帶的無脊椎生物為主。本研究透過體驗式展示對滿意度及忠誠度的問卷設計，分析觸摸池對參觀者所帶來的影響。結果顯示參觀者對觸摸池體驗式展示的感官、情感、思考、行動、關聯等五項分析上，皆抱持正面的態度。這表示多數參觀者會受到觸摸池的吸引，並藉此關注、了解潮間帶的生物，符合觸摸池設置的原意。另外，結構方程式的分析顯示，感官、思考及行動對滿意度有顯著的正向關係，這顯示除了展出生物，必須要有解說活動的互動來引導參觀者思考並帶出保育行動，才能發揮觸摸池展示的功能。因此觸摸池展示的重點在於解說服務，並透過展示生物的吸引來教育參觀者並傳遞保育訊息。當然但更重要還是必須努力提升觸摸池的生物照護，以符合現今的動物福利等保育觀念。

Many aquariums around the world set up touch pools, which are popular among visitors. This is a very meaningful interactive display area that raises the curiosity and positive impression of visitors by touching behavior and close-distance observation of marine creatures. Through professional explanation, visitors can know and learn to protect these creatures and their habitats, even understanding related environmental problems. However, some believe touch pools not only disrespect lives and oppose the principle of conservation but may abuse creatures. 75.73% of aquariums around the world have touch pools, with 70.51% of them display invertebrates. National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium also has a touch pool with invertebrates mainly from intertidal zones. This research used designed survey to find out visitors'satisfaction and loyalty of the experiential exhibition and analyzed how the touch pool affected them. Results showed that visitors hold positive attitudes in all five study fields, including sense, feel, think, action and relate. This provides the idea that most visitors are attracted by the pool and use it to focus and understand the creatures, which meet the original intention of a touch pool. In addition, the analysis of structural equation modeling showed that sense, think and action provided a strong positive relationship with satisfaction. This means that besides display creatures, the interactive explanation, which leads visitors to think and conserve, is essential for the function of touch pools. Thus, museums should focus on explanation services of touch pools and use the attraction of display creatures to teach visitors about conservation. Of course, the creatures in touch pools should be carefully cared for meeting the concept of animal welfare.