臺灣公民參訪科學與工藝博物館趨勢之研究

The Trend of the Taiwanese Citizens Visited Science and Technology Museum

博物館觀眾研究與營運息息相關，本研究旨在透過2008、2012及2015年三次長期性調查臺灣公民參訪科學與工藝博物館的比例、觀眾背景及主要影響參訪因素，並探討其間之變化趨勢，以提供科學與工藝博物館營運之參考。本研究以臺灣地區年滿18歲以上之公民為研究對象，以機率比例抽樣法抽取研究樣本，分別為2,024、1,863及1,831人，透過專人面訪蒐集資料，並透過單因子變異數及線性回歸分析數據。研究結果發現，在參訪比例上，2008、2012及2015年三次調查臺灣公民參訪科學與工藝博物館比例分別為14.1%、23.4%及28.9%，有逐漸成長趨勢，且以偶爾參觀觀眾為主要參觀及成長族群；在觀眾背景上，主要成長的觀眾背景為年齡愈低、學歷愈高、月收入愈高、居住北部地區及偏鄉地區的公民；在主要影響參訪因素上，由2008年調查的居住地區及城鄉類型等影響因素，逐漸轉變為2012年調查的居住地區、教育程度、居住城鄉類型、年齡、對科學正向態度及個人月收入等影響因素，再轉變為2015年調查的教育程度、對科學正向態度及個人月收入等影響因素。研究最後依據上述結果提出未來在科學與工藝博物館營運上的建議。

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate the factors contributing to Taiwanese citizens' visit to science and technology museums in 2008, 2012 and 2015. The samples of this study were selected using probability proportional to size sampling method, and the sample sizes were 2,024, 1,863 and 1,831 adults, for the years of 2008, 2012, and 2015 accordingly. The results demonstrated an increase in the proportions of Taiwanese citizens' visits to science and technology museums in 2008, 2012 and 2015, from 14.1%, 23.4% to 28.9%, respectively. Especially, there was a significant increase in occasional visitors, younger age group, higher education level, higher income level, residents of northern and remote areas of Taiwan. There was a significant change in factors contributing to visits to science and technology museums. In 2008, the major factors contributing to visits were residential areas and types; in 2012, the major factors were the residential areas, education level, residential types, age level, positive attitudes toward science and income level; and, in 2015, the major factors were the education level, positive attitudes toward science and income level. The research provided implications for the operation of science and technology museums in the future.