擴增實境應用於博物館展示學習成效初探──以海科館「藻來了」特展為例

The Evaluation of Augmented Reality Applied to Museum Learning Outcomes: A Case Study of ''Meet the Algae'' Special Exhibition Hosted in NMMST

本研究以國立海洋科技博物館「藻來了」特展中「藻森林冒險──藻星座」展項為例，探討擴增實境技術與觀眾學習身份認同及展示學習成效之間的關連性。本展項以一般大眾熟悉的「星座」切入，藉由擴增實境技術讓觀眾認識十二種不同海藻的型態多樣性，以觸發大眾對於海藻的興趣與好奇，圖卡上另有知名插畫家協助繪製的海藻圖片及海藻、星座描述小語，為混和圖卡與影像偵測的混合式擴增實境。研究以特展學習成效量表做為工具，探討不同參觀動機的觀眾，實際操作與體驗擴增實境展項後之學習成效，作為日後博物館應用此科技於展示的評估與設計參考。
研究顯示，以參觀藻特展的動機區分，49%的觀眾屬於具有好奇心、喜歡學習新事物的「探索者」、34%的觀眾屬於追求不同體驗的「體驗追尋者」、7%的觀眾是屬於因為家人或朋友的要求的「促進者」，6%的觀眾屬於「再充電者」，至於對海藻非常感興趣的「專業者」觀眾僅佔於3%。不同的參觀動機，在本特展中擴增實境展項在不同構面的學習成效平均上並沒有顯著差異。但所有類型的觀眾，不管在知識、拓展關係、增進理解、觀點態度及生命經驗的轉變等5項構面上均有高於平均值的成效，顯示擴增實境技術在博物館展示應用上極具發展潛力。

This study aims to establish the relationship of augmented reality (AR) technology with learner identity and learning outcomes among visitors to “Alga Constellation”, a sub-exhibition under the special exhibition of “Meet the Algae”, hosted in the National Museum of Marine Science and Technology (NMMST). This special exhibition introduced the 12 constellations and showcased 12 common species of algae through AR to stimulate the interest and curiosity of visitors in aquatic plants. Picture cards of alga constellations drawn by a renowned illustrator and a description for each constellation were displayed through a hybrid AR system that combines picture cards and image detection technology. An Exhibition Learning Outcome scale was adopted to investigate the visitor motivation and learning outcomes after they visited the AR sub-exhibitions. The results may serve as a reference for the NMMST for designing and evaluating the efficacy of future AR exhibitions. Five visitor types were identified among the respondents according their motivation: 49% were Explorers because of their curiosity and interest in exploring new things; 34% were Experience Seekers who sought different experiences; 7% were Facilitators who had been invited to the exhibition by family members or friends; 6% were Rechargers ; and 3% were Professionals with a stronger interest in algae. Despite the variance in motivation among these visitor types, no significant difference was observed in their mean scores of learning outcomes. In addition, all visitor types attained above-average scores on the constructs of knowledge, improvement in relationships with companions, improvement in understanding of algae, viewpoints and attitudes, and life experience. These findings indicate that AR offers high application potential for museum exhibitions.