從現象學視野談科技史互動展示：以國立科學工藝博物館「電信@臺灣」展示廳為例

A Phenomenological View of Interactive Exhibition of History of Technology: A Case Study of Telecom @ Taiwan Exhibition at National Science and Technology Museum

讓觀眾擁有豐富而充實的參觀經驗，是博物館相當重要的任務。近年來透過新科技提供感官刺激的互動展示設計，儼然成為博物館展示的重要手法。需投入龐大資源的展示科技，是否真能提升觀眾的博物館參觀品質，豐富觀看內涵，實有其探討之必要。本研究透過內容分析並以Monod & Klein（2005）與Pallud（2009）發展之現象學架構，包括「脈絡性」、「再現性」、「緣身性」、「自我投射性」、「存有之可能性」與「歷史性」六項類目，應用於國立科學工藝博物館（以下簡稱科工館）「電信@臺灣」展示廳。首先由研究者進行展覽整體之考察，再以現象學架構為基礎，針對展廳內互動展品進行探討與分析，並聚焦於展示科技與觀眾經驗之關係。希冀透過現象學視野，對展覽進行分析與反思，以期為博物館展示科技的應用提供新思維。研究結果顯示，展廳內的互動展示多能符應現象學架構的幾項類別項目，雖然在「存有之可能性」與「歷史性」呈現較少，其他項目均能有不錯的展現。此六項類目強調應用展示科技於呈現資訊內容之目的與深度，以及引導觀眾參與展示議題的反思與想像，可對博物館展示人員有所啟發。特別是在規劃歷史文物相關展覽，若能在訂定展示目標時便能考量相關類別項目融入的適切性，應能對觀眾參觀經驗的加深、加廣有所助益。同時此架構亦能與其他展示評量關於人機介面與人性需求之規準相輔相成，將能更加完善現有之展示評量。

Providing visitors with a valuable and meaningful experience has been a crucial mission for museums. Interactive exhibition design, emerges from the technological progress, has been regarded as an efficient exhibition method because of its high-intensity sensory stimulation. As the application of exhibition technology requires considerable resources, evaluation is needed to confirm its efficacy to enhance visitor experience. Monod and Klein (2005), and Pallud (2009) proposed and elaborated a phenomenological framework with six units of measurement: “Context”, “Re-enactment”, “Embodiment”, “Self-projection”, “Possibilities of being”, and “Historicity”; and this study applied these criteria in the content analysis conducted on Telecom @ Taiwan exhibition at National Science and Technology Museum. This study, evaluated the exhibition from a phenomenological perspective, aimed to offer insight to museum exhibition technology application. The results suggested that the interactive technology in the exhibition correspond phenomenological framework to some degree though may not fully fit the unit of “Possibilities of being”, and “Historicity”. Nevertheless, as the units of measurement focus on the depth of the information content, and tends to elicit visitors reflection and imagination; the framework still inspired museum professionals, especially in planning historical and cultural exhibition. Furthermore, the framework can be integrated with the present criteria of human-computer interaction and humanity to improve exhibit evaluation development.