大學生參與博物館創意競賽之實作歷程及其影響因素

College Students' Creative Processes and the Influencing Factors in the Creativity Contest Held by Science Museum

本研究旨在探討大學生參加由博物館主辦之太陽能創意競賽的實作歷程以及不同背景變項之差異情形。研究者採質性研究方法，以2010至2012年參與茂迪盃太陽能光電應用設計創意競賽進入決賽之團隊為研究對象，根據參賽學生的創意企劃書進行內容分析，探討參賽學生的創意實作歷程，另輔以半結構式訪談了解影響創作歷程之因素，以及不同背景變項之學生在實作歷程中表現的差異情形。本研究主要發現如下：一、參賽隊伍之創意實作歷程可歸結為「策略」、「調查」、「設計」、「發展」與「行銷」等五個主要歷程，但其中調查歷程的比例較低有55%，其他四個歷程均超過70%。二、影響學生之創意實作歷程的因素包含「內在因素」如熱忱、勇於嘗試、個人所擅長的領域及相關知識；「外在因素」如技術限制、實驗器材、網路資訊及政府單位支持，其中又以廠商的協助為最重要之因素。三、影響各階段表現之差異的主要因子為學科背景，例如：電機資訊類科之學生其企劃書的表達方式以工程製圖、實驗數據與文字描述為主，而設計類科的學生則多以海報、產品外觀造型及圖解的方式呈現。

This study aimed to explore the implementation processes, influencing factors, and different background variables of the college students participated in a solar energy creativity contest held by National Science and Technology Museum in Taiwan. Specifically, the study applied qualitative research methods on the finalist teams of the 2010-2012 Motech Award–Creative Design Competition Using Solar Cells. This research analyzed creative proposals of participants and supplemented with semi-structured interviews to examine the influencing factors and the difference between students from different background. Findings of the study were summarized as follows: 1.The creative processes of participants could be summarized into five major stages: strategy, investigation, design, development, and marketing processes. More than 70% of finalist teams in the contest had implementation processes comprising the other four stages, but only 55% on investigation process. 2.Factors affecting implementation can be “internal”, such as enthusiasm, risk-taking, personal expertise, and relevant knowledge, or “external”, such as technical limitations, experimental equipment, network information, and government support, of which help from vendors was the most critical. 3.The main factor affecting performance at various stages was disciplinary backgrounds. For example, the design of students from Electrical Engineering and Computer Science are mostly Engineering Graphics, while the students from Design Academy focus on the product appearance.