博物館運用學生校外服務進行科教活動推廣之研究：以國立科學工藝博物館為例

Students Off-Campus Service in Museum Technology Education Activities Promotion: A Case Study of National Science and Technology Museum

博物館在推行館務基金強大的財務壓力下，一方面須擴大服務量能，增加營運收益，一方面實施人力精簡政策，減少經費支出，在人力缺口日益擴大的狀況下，社會資源人力的妥善運用成為重要的議題。奠基在互利基礎上的館校合作，能提供解決人力需求的有效方案。本文首先說明台灣地區學生參與校外服務的類型與執行方式，並以國立科學工藝博物館為個案，探討科工館引進志願性學生人力協助擴展科教活動服務量能的現況。本研究兼採量化與質性方法，透過文獻資料分析、人員訪談，以及參與觀察，並輔以學生實作札記分析，多途徑的進行資料蒐集，再進一步分析與歸納資料。文末針對館校人力資源合作提出五項結論：1.博物館確為學生服務學習的良好場域；2.學生人力逐漸成為活動支援主軸之一；3.大學院校學生較符合活動屬性；4.實習生服務時數長較可符應需求；5.培育中學學生可望成為潛在觀眾與未來的服務人力。並提出六項建議：1.館校人力資源合作側重協商機制；2.實習內容應求實務和理論並重；3.拓展學生人力招募管道；4.加強與大學院校教師的溝通；5.擴大與中學合作的範圍和面向；6.支援活動內容應予審慎規劃。做為日後博物館運用學生校外服務支援推廣活動之參考準據。

The national museums in Taiwan with agency fund, under the financial stress, are required to increase service quality and quantity for profit; meanwhile, downsizing is applied to reduce the cost. Therefore, the use of external workforce from the public is a key to fill the human resource gap, and the museum-school collaboration is one of the solutions. This study described the overview of students participation in off-campus service in Taiwan; and discussed how the National Science and Technology Museum employed student volunteers to fill the workforce gap in science education activities. The research methodology was hybrid, the methods involved secondary data analysis, qualitative interview, intern diary, and participant observation. Through multiple data collection methods and rigorous analysis technique, five major findings were explored: 1. Museum was appropriate for service learning; 2. Students had been an significant support of education activities; 3. College students were relatively fit for the activity attributes; 4. Secondary school students had the potential to be audiences and workforce; 5. The interns responded the event demand well because of longer service hours. The study also provided six suggestions for practitioners: 1. A mature mechanism facilitated museum-school collaboration; 2. Internship program should integrate practice and theory; 3. The communication with college contacts should be strengthened; 4. The recruitment sources should be expanded; 5. The partnership with middle schools should be enlarged; 6. The job content for the students should be deliberately planned.