參觀科學博物館團體觀眾對話之分析研究

The Scientific Dialogue among Group Visitors in a Science Museum

本研究以質性研究法，針對參觀國立科學工藝博物館「空氣火箭」展示品的團體觀眾之對話內容進行研究，以實驗操作、科學知識、經驗認知、情意四個向度及其屬性，探討其對話內容與科學學習之關係。研究結果發現如下：一、在「實驗操作」向度上發現操作行為因職業類別、年齡層不同而有差別。對話對於實驗操作有正向的幫助，尤其是較年長者對孩童的引導提示。二、從「科學知識」向度上則發現觀眾會針對參觀展示品遇到的現象，以展示說明內容之外的科學知識進行解釋，嘗試運用自己的科學知識和思考的能力，提出假設或進行預測。三、在「經驗認知」向度發現多數觀眾會將展示品內容與以往的經驗連結，具操作經驗者會主動在其他參觀成員操作時進行指導。四、在「情意」向度發現多數觀眾所感興趣、互動的內容與操作相關，且對於展示品有多元的感受面向。

This is a qualitative study about scientific dialogue among group visitors during their visits to the “Air Rocket” exhibition in the National Science and Technology Museum. Four categories were used to analyze the group visitors' conversations: experimental operation, scientific knowledge, experience cognition and affection. The following results were found: 1. In the 'experimental operation' dimension, visitors have different operating behaviors due to their different occupations, and ages. Their dialogue offers a positive help in the experimental operation, especially between adults and children. 2. In 'scientific knowledge' dimension, as visitors explain the phenomenon during their visit, they usually use the exhibit content description. They also try to make assumptions or forecasts with their own scientific knowledge and ideas. 3. In the 'experience cognition' dimension, most of visitors connect the exhibit content to their experience in the past. Some members in the group with previous operation experience teach others how to operate. 4. In the 'affection' dimension, most visitors' interests and interacts are concentrated in the exhibit operation. They have multiple responses or feelings to the exhibit.