國立科學工藝博物館水資源利用廳節約用水教育展示對國小中年級學童節水行為影響

The Influence of the Utilization of Water Resources Exhibition Hall in the National Science and Technology Museum on Middle-Class Elementary Students' Water Saving Behavior

水資源是自然環境資源的一部份，其重要性隨著永續發展的議題也逐漸受到世界各國的重視。博物館為觀眾創造多元化且活潑的學習環境，讓觀眾在非正式的環境下，能夠自然的吸收展覽的資訊，而達到博物館的社會教育推廣的目的。本研究以國立科學工藝博物館（以下簡稱科工館）之水資源利用廳為例，目的在瞭解水資源利用廳節約用水展示結合新穎的展示體驗後，對學童節水行為的影響，是否達到科工館節約水資源的推廣教育目標。本研究針對國小三年級以上學童進行問卷調查，共發出442份問卷，回收有效問卷410份，有效回收率為92.76％。研究結果顯示，在參觀水資源展示後，大部分的承諾節約水資源行為頻率都比原先節約水資源行為的頻率來得高，顯現出水資源展示廳發揮了一定的教育推廣作用，喚起了受訪者節約水資源的意識，而有較高頻率的節約水資源承諾行為。受訪者不同基本背景及參觀背景，在節約水資源行為與節約水資源承諾行為上均有部分達顯著差異。在對節約水資源承諾行為的預測上，以「整體節水行為」與「參觀水資源展示廳次數」最為顯著，且皆為正向影響，其中又以「整體節水行為」有較大的解釋力。因此，建議應從建立學童節約水資源的良好習慣做起，同時吸引學童再次參觀水資源展示廳達到提醒與強化節約水資源意識，此將有助於節約水資源承諾行為頻率的提升。

Water resource is a part of the natural environment resources. It has obtained worldwide attention, as sustainable development issue becomes important all around the world. Museums create diversified and active displays for their audiences to learn new knowledge under an informal environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate audiences' behaviors toward water saving and their experiences of the new exhibitions after they visited the Utilization of Water Resources Exhibition Hall of the National Science and Technology Museum. The participants in the questionnaire survey were students above third grade in elementary schools. The study received a total of 410 useable questionnaires out of the 442 questionnaires distributed. It represents a valid rate of 92.76%. The study results indicated that respondents' promised water saving behavior is higher than their previous water saving behavior after they visited the water resources exhibition. It showed that the Utilization of Water Resource Exhibition Hall developed its function of learning purpose by raising its audiences' awareness of saving water for a better promised water saving behavior. There are partial differences found between water saving behavior and promised water saving behavior based on different demographics and different backgrounds. The study found that the “ water saving behavior as a whole” and ”times of visited the Utilization of Water Resources Exhibition Hall” are two best indicators in predicting audiences' promised water saving behavior. Especially the “water saving behavior as a whole” indicator has a positive outcome. This study suggested to first encourage school students to form a good habit of water saving behavior and then to attract them to revisit the Utilization of Water Resources Exhibition Hall to intensify their conscious of water saving and to improve their promised water saving behavior.