博物館網絡合作的動機探究

A Study on the Motivations of Museum Collaboration

博物館合作網絡的建置，是以組織合作策略的概念為發展基礎，尋求資源整合的合作夥伴，互相分享資源、經驗及知識，補其不足及增加優勢，雙方互惠的效益包括有增加觀眾和收入、有效的實踐教育和研究的目的，並促進公眾使用，達成文化公民權的提升，擴大展覽和收藏，增進公共關係及獲得專業人才等。本研究從博物館經營的困境，進而論及學者對博物館合作網絡的倡議及博物館內外部的需求，以探究博物館網絡合作的動機。本研究使用半結構式的個人訪談，研究對象分以不同的機構類型及公私立博物館，共計19位受訪者。研究結果得知，博物館網絡形成的外部動機，主要來自於館舍數量激增導致供給大幅增加，但需求卻維持相對水平的困境。此外，越來越多元的休閒活動與觀光景點，亦使館舍面臨不同經營成本的壓力。而收費的館舍必須與鄰近不收費的館舍形成競爭關係，亦為經營者帶來壓力。為了解決上述的外部挑戰，館舍間透過網絡的形成以降低本身資源不足的困境；依資源互依的觀點，從合作中互相分享資源及分擔風險，是館舍合作的外部動機。而博物館內部的需求包括人力資源、財力資源、物力資源、資訊資源以及行銷和學習的需求，透過合作的過程進行資源整合，彼此可以得到互補並產生互惠，博物館得以改善營運達成服務社會的使命。

Museum networks are becoming more common in practice, but there has so far been little systematic, comparative research of the phenomenon by academics. Further research is warranted. This research aims to discover the motivations behind museum collaboration. The author has adopted organisational and management theories to discover more about the network phenomenon, focusing particularly on the sharing of resources between museum networks. Resource dependency theory and social network theory have been used in order to explore the motivations behind museum networks. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted in this research. There were 19 interviewees, including professionals from both public and private museums. The research indicates that most museums face competition from other museums and entertainment venues. To meet this challenge, they need resources including human resources, financial resources, information and marketing resources. By collaborating in networks, museums can share both resources and risk, and improve how they are managed.