從1980年代之前臺灣無線3臺發展歷程初探國立科學工藝博物館電視文物定位

A Preliminary Study on the Positioning of TV Heritage atthe National Science and Technology Museum from thePerspective of the Development Process of the Three Wireless TV Channels in Taiwan in the Early 1980s

臺灣電視產業自1960年代發展迄今半世紀來，在電視發展的各個階段，有著不同的因素影響著電視製作、傳輸、接收端的技術發展，國立科學工藝博物館（以下簡稱工博館）自2009年開始典藏一系列的電視文物。本研究從1980年代之前臺灣無線3臺年代各階段發展重要歷程，切入影響電視製作端與接收端技術發展的因素，與工博館所典藏電視文物相互應證結果，獲致以下結論：一、因為臺灣電視產業在實驗階段是引進美國系統技術，使得臺灣電視發展，在美規與歐規兩大電視系統中，選擇了美規系統。二、日資以器材裝置投資臺視的製作設備，影響臺灣的電視製作設備多數是向日本採購，可以在工博館典藏電視文物的生產地統計結果獲得支持。日商進入臺灣電視機市場，對臺灣電視機市場也造成一定影響。三、中視積極全面播出彩色電視節目的態度，加快了臺視節目彩色化的速度，也加速了臺灣彩色電視機技術的發展。四、華視的出現凸顯了臺灣電視產業欲脫離日本技術束縛的企圖，同時臺灣的電視機產業逐漸成熟，引發電視機的「中日之戰」，工博館典藏文物也見證了這段歷史。五、從工博館典藏的相關設備，外觀仍新且仍堪用，可見得3臺鼎立時期，電視臺在錄影技術競爭上，投入資金之巨，換購設備之速。

Since the development of Taiwan's TV industry in the 1960s, over the past half century, different factors have affected the technology development in television production, transmission, and receiving throughout the different stages. The National Museum of Science and Technology (hereinafter referred to as the museum) has since 2009 staged a series of TV heritage collections.From the perspective of the important development processes of the three wireless TV channels in Taiwan in different stages prior to the 1980s, the factors affecting the technology development of the TV production end and receiving end were explored, and the results were verified with the TV heritage collections in the museum as the cross-reference and the following conclusions were drawn:Ⅰ. In the experimental stage of the TV industry in Taiwan, system technology from the United States was introduced, thereby ensuring Taiwan's TV development. Of the two TV systems: the U.S. TV system and European TV system, the U.S. TV system was selected.Ⅱ. The Japanese investment in equipment and devices for TV production in Taiwan affecting Taiwan's TV production as the majority of the equipment procurement was from Japan. The statistical results for the place of manufacture of the TV heritage collection in the museum supported this finding. In addition, Japanese companies' entry into the Taiwanese TV market also had some impact on Taiwan's TV market.Ⅲ. China Television's active attitude in broadcasting colored TV programs accelerated Taiwan Television's broadcasting of colored TV programs, which in turn hastened the development of color TV technology in Taiwan.Ⅳ. The emergence of Taiwan Television highlighted Taiwan TV industry's ambition to detach from the shackles of Japanese technology. Meanwhile, as Taiwan's TV industry gradually reached maturity, the so-called ”Sino-Japanese War” in television was set off. The heritage collections at the museum witnessed this history.Ⅴ. It can be seen from the related equipment that still look new and usable that during the period of three-TV-channel dominance, the TV companies invested heavily to lead in video recording technology, and the equipment were replaced and purchased at staggering rates.