從地方要素探討博物館的發展與空間形成：以台灣大型科學類博物館為例

Exploring the Development and Spacial Formation of Museum in Terms of Local Factors：Take the Large-sized Scientific Museum in Taiwan as an Example

本研究以台灣大型科學類博物館為對象，從地方性要素的「歷史軸」，即包括政權的結構、政治的實體、開發過程的先後、法律制約等影響的層面，以及「文化軸」，即透過後天的學習，是經驗醞釀及承襲結果的層面，探討對於博物館發展與空間形式等的影響。早期公立博物館的發展與空間的形成，深受殖民文化，但在「復興文化」政策實施之下，讓中國傳統建築形式成為博物館建築體造形的主流。而現代科學類博物館是在「建設文化」的理念，以及精神文化的需求之下發展而出，不論是主題內容的規劃或空間形式，均打破了傳統的觀念，借移西方博物館的作法，讓幾何造形成為台灣現代博物館空間的造形語言。在博物館的內部配置，早期是以物為主，偏重於展示品「陳列」的空間；反之，現代博物館從傳統的轉化與抽象的空間形式塑造，是以觀眾為導向，且企求與生活空間經驗認知產生共鳴，包括地方性意涵的空間加入，以及展示內容的環境塑造。

This study focuses on the large-sized scientific museum in Taiwan to explore the influence of local factors on the development and spacial form of museum in terms of “historical aspect” and “cultural aspect”. “Historical aspect” refers to the structure of regime, the political entity, the sequence of development process and the restraint of law. “Cultural aspect” involves the acquired learning, experienced formation and inheritance. Earlier development and spacial formation of public museum were deeply affected by the colonial culture. Due to the implementation of “cultural renaissance” policy, Chinese traditional pattern of architecture becomes the model of museum building. Modern scientific museum is developed through the concept of “construction culture” and demand for spiritual culture. Either topic planning or spacial form breaks the traditional idea by adopting the way of western museum to enable the geometrical shape to become the styling example of modern museum space in Taiwan. In the early stage, the interior layout of museum was based on the object, stressed the space of exhibition “display”. On the contrary, the modern museum is characterized by the traditional inversion and abstract spacial form, audience-oriented, and seeks to be sympathetic to the recognition of living space experiences including the addition of space with regional implication and environmental modelling of exhibition contents.