朱子《詩集傳》解經體例與宋代經學新典範的成熟

On the Writing Style and Form of Zhu Xi’s Shi Jizhuan and a New Paradigm of Confucian Classics Studies in the Song Dynasty

朱子《詩集傳》是宋代詩經學代表作，其經解體式及相應的解經體例也成為宋代經學新典範的成熟標誌。面對漢唐注疏之學，宋儒不僅致力於創新經說，對經解體式也進行了創造性探索，「集傳集注體」便是這種探索的結晶。經過近四十年的探索，朱子融會漢唐傳注義疏和本朝解義論說之體，兼綜訓詁、義理之長，設計和構造了《詩集傳》的解經體例。歸納起來，該書遵循傳以經文為本、經傳結構嚴整和解說自成一家的解經原則，重視以《詩》說《詩》、諷詠經文，形成了簡約易讀、細密謹嚴的解經體例。《詩集傳》問世以後，很快成為朱子門人後學模仿傳習的對象，在經學史上具有典範意義。

Zhu Xi’s 朱熹Shi jizhuan (詩集傳 Commentary on the Shijing) is the most important work of Song dynasty Shijing (詩經 Classic of Poetry) studies. The form and corresponding rules of style and layout he employed in interpreting the Shijing marked the coming of age of a new paradigm for studying the Confucian classics. Han-Tang dynasty scholarship followed a commentary and subcommentary approach; Song dynasty scholar-officials’ response to this was to dedicate themselves to explaining the classics in completely new ways, while embarking upon a creative exploration of the literary form of such works. The jizhuan (集傳collected commentaries) and jizhu (集注 collected annotations) forms emerged from these explorations. Over nearly forty years of such explorations, Zhu Xi combined the zhuanzhu 傳注 and yishu 義疏 styles used from the Han to the Tang, with the jieyi 解義 and lunshuo 論說 styles of his own dynasty. In doing so, he combined the advantages of xungu (訓詁 exegesis) and yili (義理 philosophy) approaches in the stylistic rules he designed and employed in the Shi jizhuan. Zhu Xi’s Shi jizhuan adheres to three principles for interpreting the classics: the commentary is rooted in the text of the classics; the text-commentary structure is strictly laid out; and the explanation presented is unique. Zhu Xi’s emphasis lay in explaining the Shijing using the poems themselves, and in chanting and reciting the text. He produced a style and form of classics commentary that was concise and easy to read, while meticulously detailed.