典型或非典型工作？臺灣男性和已婚女性就業型態的決策模式及因素分析

To Be a Typical or an Atypical Worker? Decision Modes and Determinants of Employment Patterns for Male and Married Female Laborers in Taiwan

本文從就業型態的決策模式出發，進而瞭解影響個人就業型態的決定因素。將就業選擇的過程設定為「兩階段決策」及「序列決策」兩種模式，我們使用 2009 年和 2013 年「人力運用調查」資料，並以「多項式羅吉特模型」和「巢式羅吉特模型」進行估計。我們的估計結果顯示，臺灣男性傾向「序列決策」模式，而已婚女性勞動者則傾向「兩階段決策」模式。年齡較長、已婚男性、教育程度較高者，從事全日典型工作的機率較高；年紀較輕者從事全日非典型工作的機會較高；然而從事部分時間工作的機率與年齡之間則無具體的單調性關係，且男性和已婚女性存在差異性。家人失業數的增加會減少男性選擇部分時間工作的機率，但卻會鼓勵已婚婦女投入勞動市場從事兼差性質的工作。此外，戶內人口組成與經濟景氣狀況對於男性和已婚婦女的就業型態選擇亦會產生不同的影響。

This paper explores the decision modes of employment and presents the possible factors. Classifying the decision modes into “two-stage decision” and “sequential decision” and using the data of “Manpower Utilization Survey” in 2009 and 2013, we apply a multinomial logit model and two nested logit models for the estimation. Our empirical results show that men tend to adopt the mode of “sequential decision” and married women tend to adopt the mode of “two-stage decision”. Furthermore, an older person, a married man, and a higher educated person have a greater possibility of choosing a full-time typical job. A younger person tends to choose a full-time atypical job, however, the probability of choosing a part-time job has no monotonic correlation with age. An increase in the number of family members decreases the possibility of choosing a part-time job for men, but encourages married women to participate in the secondary labor market (i.e. a part-time job). Finally, the composition of families and the business cycle have distinct impacts on the decision of employment patterns between males and married females.