接受機構式照顧之智能障礙者體適能狀況與相關因素分析

Physical Fitness and Associated Factors among Persons with Intellectual Disabilities Caring in a Disability Welfare Institution

背景：機構智能障礙者（以下簡稱智障者）體能較差，於心血管相關疾病罹病率高，且為健康狀態差的高風險群體，因此需更多、較長期的健康照顧服務。目的：國內外少有針對機構智障者體適能的相關研究。本研究探討機構智障者的生活型態與習慣及身體活動之情形，再分析基本人口學、生活型態與習慣、身體活動與體適能之關係。方法：本研究為橫斷研究法並利用自擬問卷，經立意取樣方式，以北部某啟能中心智障者為研究對象進行調查，輔以體適能測驗結果進行資料蒐集。樣本數共計約152名，經篩選後實際有效回收問卷為152份，資料回收率為99.9%；體適能檢測資料完整份數為86份，回收率為56.6%。資料蒐整後以SPSS20.0套裝軟體進行處理，並進行描述與推論性統計分析。結果：體適能的影響因素為：需開始增加身體活動者，一般較常於身體質量指數異常者。仰臥起坐表現，年齡越大，表現越差。柔軟度則女性表現較好。心肺耐力表現，結果則較為不同，體能狀況差者，反而心肺耐力較佳。討論與建議：一般體適能指標應用於智障者之適度度有待商榷，許多研究結果在智障群體有不一樣的發現，與一般群體有不同結果。本研究體適能表現差之機構智障者為：需增進身體活動、高齡者。測驗動機可能會影響心肺耐力測驗表現。而對於機構從業人員在執行健康促進相關服務時，若能提升智障者的體適能指標，可提升其健康狀態。

Background: People with intellectual disability (ID) in unhealthy status whose physical fitness were worse than the general population and they often suffered from high risks of cardiovascular diseases. Thus they needed more and comprehensive long-term health care services. Objective: There were few literatures or studies of physical fitness on people with ID whom caring in disability welfare institutions. This study aimed to understand that people with ID’s life style, physical activity, fitness, which associated factors were concerned. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, which was using a structured questionnaire. Subjects with ID were recruited via method of purposive sampling from a welfare institution of Northern Taiwan was selected. The 152 valid data collected which was analyzed by SPSS 20.0. Results: Based on results from a multiple logistic regression analysis, those people with ID who needed more physical activity, the more likely to be the cases with abnormal body mass index. The older group had poor performance on sit-ups, those women with ID were better than ID men on soft tissue performance. One odd finding is that those ID cases with poor physical condition had nice cardio-respiratory fitness performance than their counterparts. Conclusion: The physical fitness index should evaluate their appropriateness toward people with ID. This study found that people with ID caring in institution tend to be poor physical fitness, particular in those who needed more physical activities and older age. Motivation may affect their cardio-respiratory fitness performance. We highlights that the institutional workers should enforce the physical activities for people with ID, to improve their health.