視障者職涯韌性初探

A Preliminary Study of Career Resilience of Adults with Visual Impairement

職業生活是個體發展相當重要的面向之一，然多數研究均顯示視障者的職涯發展受到各種內外在因素的影響，職涯之路顯得格外困難重重。鑑此，本研究採取質性研究取向，深度訪談五位視障者，以韌性的理論觀點切入，探討視障者在開展職涯過程中，透過哪些韌性能量和韌性行動來克服職涯困境，期能協助視障者順暢其職涯發展。研究結果發現，視障者真正的職涯困境在於主觀上無法覓得志趣投合之工作以及自我實現，致其在進入職場後需耗費相當多心力進行職涯的再探索與規劃。而視障者最終能克服職涯困境的韌性能量除了應具備多元的心理建設外，尚需有健康的身體以及靈性的滋養，此三種韌性能量雖功能殊異卻相互輔助地促進視障者正向的身、心、靈發展。最後，本研究歸納出視障者的職涯韌性行動包括持續性的自我管理與終身學習，此乃協助視障者扭轉劣勢、無畏職業環境持續變化之挑戰的不二法門。

The purpose of this study was to explore how adults with visual impairment overcome obstacles in the process of career development with the perspective of resilience. In-depth interviews with five adults with visual impairment were conducted to collect data on their experience of career development. The result showed adults with visual impairment had great difficulty in finding a career to fit their interest and obtaining self-realization through present career. Therefore, adults with visual impairment were committed to rediscover their career goals and renew their career plan. The resilience capacities of adults with visual impairment could be divided into three categories: multiple positive psychological capital, physical health, and spirituality. These three categories interacted with each other and had different effect on promoting positive career development of adults with visual impairment. In addition, the actions of adults with visual impairment to achieve resilience included consistent self-management and lifelong learning, which helped them shift their own weaknesses and facilitated adaptation to challenges imposed by changing labor market.