試論台灣在新國際太空賽局與全球太空複合治理體系中的定位與挑戰

An Essay on Taiwan’s Self-Positioning in the New International Space Game and Its Challenges of Being Integrated into the Global Space Regime Complex

台灣自 1990 年代初期開始發展自主太空力量。在近三十年來，一方面遭評為缺乏明確發展策略，另方面卻又在軍、學、研及產各方已構築出相當程度的太空科技與應用專擅能力。現執政政府宣示要以強化台灣軍、民兩用航太自主能力，驅動國家產業創新升級和帶動經濟轉型。此似可解讀為台灣預計仍將繼續強化其國家自主太空力量。台灣的 15 年期「第二期國家太空科技發展長程計畫」即將落幕，第三期計畫的規劃與推動，蓄勢待發。為此，本文試就台灣將持續強化自主太空力量為前題，分析其須面臨全球太空新賽局的挑戰，以及難以自外於分工日趨瑣碎及治理模式與功能愈見複雜的全球太空事務複合治理體系等外部框架，討論台灣自身何以在此新賽局中自我定位？又，針對台灣發展太空力量所必需處理的政、經、外交與技術性難題，試從完備國家太空實力與政策落實機制、發展國際太空合作網絡和多元化未來佈局等三個相互交錯疊合的面向，點出 (1) 建構「和平用途」為旨的國家太空力量；(2) 參與有關廣義「太空安全」議題的區域性太空國際合作平台；以及 (3) 鼓勵學、研及太空產業投入具有未來性的國際太空探勘合作，追求太空經濟與太空外交的附帶效益等，作為台灣何以永續發展自主國家太空力量的三個主要選項。

Taiwan has been developing its indigenous space power from the 1990s. In the past near three decades, on the one hand, it has been appraised for a lack of a clear national space capabilities development strategy. On the other hand, a considerable degree of space capabilities have still been established in the sectors of military and defense, satellites technology and applications. Not long time ago, Taiwan’s government initiated a new aerospace (re)industrialization policy which aims to upgrade Taiwan's dual-use aerospace industries in order to stimulate domestic technological innovation, upgrade the traditional industries, and transform its current economic paradigm. To a certain extent, the new Taiwanese aerospace industrialization policy may be considered that Taiwan will continue to grow its indigenous space power. Viewing Taiwan is ending its 2 nd 15-year long National Space S&T Development Program in 2018. The next space program is on the way for its new launch. This article therefore seizes this critical moment to study, if Taiwan continues to develop its space power and the indigenous space capabilities, how Taiwan will position itself in the new international astropolitical game? How will Taiwan handle the difficulties of not being accommodated in the growing global space governance regime complex due to its lack of the UN member state status? How will Taiwan deal with all the unavoidable political, economic, diplomatic and technical hurdles while developing its future space power? In response, we probe a comprehensive approach that converges three important aspects, such as consolidating the national space policy, national space legislation, and the policy implementation mechanism, connecting the international, particularly the regional space cooperation networks, and diversifying the capabilities building domains in order to identify three feasible options: (1) insisting the “peaceful use” of outer space and Taiwan’s national space power development; (2) proactively integrating itself into the regional space cooperation platforms which are related to the broadened “space security” governance matters; and the last but not least, (3) encouraging Taiwanese academia, young researchers and space industries to join the international space exploration projects in order to explore opportunities to benefit Taiwan’s space economy, create new dimension for its space diplomacy, and gain experiences for its sustainable space power development.