雙面一九八三──試論陳映真與郭松棻小說的文學史意義

Double-faceted 1983: Exploring the Significance of the Fiction by Chen Ying-Zhen and Kuo Sung-Fen in Literary History

1983年，是陳映真（1937-2016）書寫「白色恐怖」系列小說，以及郭松棻（1938-2005）重返小說創作的起點。本文聚焦在這一年兩人發表於《文季》的小說，指出陳映真以〈鈴璫花〉、〈山路〉，間接回應劉大任在〈長廊三號〉裡捎來關於文化大革命的訊息；而走過釣運的郭松棻，則以曾經寫作沙特與卡繆評論文章的筆名「羅安達」，發表小說〈青石的守望〉，經由致敬黃華成的小說〈青石〉，反思意識形態的局限與可能，並在〈三個小短篇〉的「題組」聯作形態中，呈現台灣、美國與中國的三方觀點。兩人在「後文革」時期對於「共產中國」的重新思索，分別呈現了在「中國」民族主義，以及「共產」主義理路的雙面。本文並藉由兩位作家的小說對勘，進一步指出既有文學史書寫中關於「台灣左翼小說」以及「政治小說」的更多可能。

The year 1983 marked the starting points that Chen Ying-Zhen (1937-2016)began writing a series of “White Terror” fiction and that Kuo Sung-Fen (1938-2005)restarted his novel writing. This paper looks into their fiction published in Wen-ji Bimonthlyin 1983, arguing that Chen indirectly responded to the message of the CulturalRevolution in Liu Da-Ren’s “Chang Lang No. 3” with “Lingdang hua” (Bell Flowers)and “Shanglu” (Mountain Path). On the other hand, it argues that Kuo, who had experiencedthe Defend Diaoyutai Islands Movement, reflected on the limits and possibilityof ideology through the publication of “Qingshi de shouwang” (The Catcher of theBluestone)—written under the pseudonym of “Luo An-Da”, which was also used towrite reviews on Sartre and Camus—which pid tribute to Huang Hua-Chen’s “Qingshi”(The Bluestone). In addition, this paper also observes that Kuo presents a tripartiteperspective of Taiwan, the U.S. and China in “Three Short Stories” through the formof “juxtaposition of a group of topics”. That is, when it comes to the reconsideration of“Communist China” in the post-Cultural-Revolution period, the paper points out thatthe two authors had two different yet intertwined approaches: the former was inclinedto think about “Chinese” nationalism, while the latter communism. Through a comparisonbetween their fiction, the paper further suggests the possibility of exploring differentdimensions in Left-wing Fiction and Political Fiction in established literary history.