主觀的真實──論台灣現代主義世代小說家的國共內戰書寫

Subjective Reality: Analyzing the Writing of Taiwan Writers in the Modernism Generation on the Chinese Civil War

本論文以現代主義世代小說家作品中的「戰爭想像與恐怖書寫」為主題，討論該時代作家如何面對上一代不願面對的「戰爭創傷」議題，並進一步透過「主觀的真實」面相，去勾勒人在戰爭現場或戰時體制下的情貌與選擇。討論的文本包含白先勇、李渝、王文興、郭松棻的戰爭題材之作品。現代主義世代的小說家雖然大多未能親身經歷戰爭，但他們在相對於官方選擇性詮釋的歷史觀下，嘗試以對國共內戰等題材的想像書寫，構想歷史的另一面真實。這些作品同時表現了戰爭的暴虐本質，戰爭對人民的乏害，與戰爭後的悔罪等議題。這些作品的核心並非在於客觀歷史呈現，而是從主觀真實的原則出發。它們一方面表現了沙特在存在主義強調惡的書寫對於人的完整性的必要，另一方面也從對上一代戰禍裡的悔罪，提煉出悲劇作品所帶有的淨化作用。最後透過歷史戰爭背景所構築的人的境遇，作家拋出了諸多人在極限處境中的諸多倫理學問題，為戰後台灣文學與歷史之間，開啟了一道開創性的辯證路徑。

This paper focuses on the “war imagination and horrors “ writing of Taiwan writersin the modernism generation, discusses how the modern writers dealt with the ”wartrauma that the first generation of postwar could not face, and from the perspective ofsubjective reality outlines human circumstances and choices in war scenes and frames. This paper studies the texts of Bai Xian-yong (白先勇), Li Yu(李渝), Wang Wen-hsing(王文興), and Guo Sung-fen(郭松棻) regarding war subjects. Although most ofthe modern writers had no war experience, they intended to describe the Chinese CivilWar by using their imagination and created the other side of true war history which wasdifferent from the selective interpretation of war history by the government. Moreover,their works presented some issues regarding the violent essence of wars, people’s hurtsfrom wars and solders’ guilt after wars. The key point of these works is not to reappearthe objective history, but to present the subjective reality. On the one hand, theypresented the evil’s writing for the need of human integrity. On the other hand, theyreflected the guilt of the postwar first generation caused by the Chinese Civil War, andmade the catharsis like tragedies do for readers. Finally, based on the human circumstancescreated according to the war history, they brought up many ethical issues thatpeople would face under extreme situations, and created an innovative way of dialecticsbetween Taiwan history and literature.