王船山與王陽明工夫論比較

Comparison of the Theory of Moral Practice between Wang Chuan-Shan and Wang Yang-ming

王船山對於歷代儒者大都有所批評，而其攻擊王陽明更是激烈。其實，在體認本心而存養之這個儒學的本質義理上，他們的觀點並無不同。雖然如此，但在如何實踐心性之德於生活世界的工夫上，兩人的理論頗有不小的差異。本論文乃以「工夫論」為中心，分別從「為學的總工夫或大頭腦」、「正心誠意」、「格物致知」等三個主題，就船山與陽明之說，詳為討論，辨章剖析，以釐清其異同之處。

Wang Chuan-Shan had criticized Confucian scholars of all ages, and he attacked Wang Yang-ming more intensely. In fact, in the theory of preserving the original mind and cultivating good human nature, the essence of Confucianism, their point of view is no different. Even so, but in how to make the benevolence inside their minds communicate with the outside world in all places, the two theories there is no small difference. The paper intends to compare the theory of cultivation effort between Wang Chuan-Shan's and Wang Yang-ming's from three issues: the viewpoint of thinking, rectifing minds and making wills sincere, acquisition of knowledge and learning of the nature of things. The author discusses the problems for both of them, trying on different views on the two main doctrine to make a detailed analysis of their viewpoints.